Influência da polifarmácia na saúde bucal da pessoa idosa e os cuidados na prevenção de doenças bucais : produção e validação de vídeo educativo

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Pricila Rejane Silva
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Medicina; Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Gerontologia; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Saúde do idoso - Polifarmácia; Idoso - Polimedicação - Saúde bucal; Xerostomia; Vídeo educativo - Tecnologia educacional; Vídeo educativo - Profissionais de saúde; Polypharmacy; Elderly; Mouth injuries; Educational technology; Ancianos; Polimedicación; Salud oral; Xerostomía; Tecnología educativa; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/33551

Introduction: The concomitant use of multiple medications is common in the routine of the elderly people, as aging increases the need to control several coexisting chronic diseases. Even though polypharmacy is necessary, it is still a risky situation due to its adverse effects. Among these effects, oral alterations are the least mentioned and the most neglected, unlike the systemic effects which are well documented in the literature. Changes in the mouth can develop into oral diseases that affect the quality of life of elderly patients, which is why it is extremely important to prevent them. Feeling pain makes it difficult for elderly patients to eat properly and maintain their oral hygiene, predisposing them to malnutrition and infections. Knowledge about the influence of polypharmacy on the oral health of the elderly can prevent the occurrence of oral diseases. Objective: To investigate the scientific evidence on the influence of polypharmacy on the oral health of the elderly; to produce and validate an educational video on the influence of polypharmacy on the oral health of the elderly and care in preventing oral diseases. Method: This is a methodological study with a qualitative approach carried out in three stages. The first stage refers to an integrative review in which searches were carried out in portals and databases: Virtual Health Library, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus and PUBMED/MEDLINE. To construct the guiding question, the PICO strategy was used so that the letter P corresponds to the population (elderly), I to the intervention (polypharmacy), C to the comparison (no comparison) and O to the outcome (oral health). The descriptors used in English and Portuguese were: aged, polypharmacy, oral health, elderly, polypharmacy and oral health. The second stage included the production of an educational video on the influence of polypharmacy on the oral health of the elderly and care in the prevention of oral diseases. Finally, in the third stage, the content of the video was validated by a committee of experts on the subject using the Content Validity Index. Results and discussion: The integrative review included 22 studies that addressed the influence of polypharmacy on the oral health of the elderly and the main associated oral problems. Among the oral problems, hyposalivation and xerostomia were the most cited in the studies. The educational video was created using a clinical case in which the elderly patient came to the dental office with oral symptoms associated with the use of polypharmacy and was then instructed by a dentist on how to prevent oral diseases. This video was validated by a committee of judges with a content validation index of 0.97. In order to meet the judges' considerations, adjustments and additions were made to the production of the final educational video. Final considerations: The video will serve as an educational tool for elderly patients, their caregivers, family members and health professionals, who will have clear guidelines on how to prevent oral diseases caused by the concomitant use of multiple medications, ensuring a better quality of life for the patient.