Caracterização físico-química e sensorial de manteiga da terra durante armazenamento controlado

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Vaz, Lincoln Pontes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Química e Bioquímica de Alimentos; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Gordura anidra do leite; Anhydrous milk fat; Manteiga de garrafa; Rancificação; Teste de estufa; Análise descritiva quantitativa; Rancidity; Oven test; Physical-chemical analysis; Quantitative descriptive analysis; CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::CIENCIA DE ALIMENTOS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/7927

“Manteiga da terra” is a traditional product in the northeast of Brazil that consists of a form of anhydrous cow’s milk fat. This product is susceptible to hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity, responsible for undesirable sensory changes, decreases in nutritional quality and economic impact for the industry. In this study, thermal stability and changes in the physicochemical and sensory profiles were evaluated during storage temperatures of 5, 30, 45 and 60°C at 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days. Physicochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate chemical composition and fatty acids profile in the initial time and the storage effects on acidity, peroxide value, TBARS value and objective color. From these results, the activation energy and the induction period were estimated. Microbiological analyses were performed for total and fecal coliforms. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) was used to the sensory evaluation of appearance (yellow color, opacity, uniformity and visual viscosity), odor (characteristic of the product and rancid), flavor (characteristic of the product, acid and rancid) and texture (viscosity and granularity). The “manteiga da terra” produced to this study met the standards established by the brazilian legislation with results of 98.96% for fat, 0.07% for moisture, 0.97% for non-fat solids and 0.78% for acidity. The major fatty acids found in the product were oleic (22.66%), palmitic (21.18%) and stearic (13.86%). Saturated fatty acids accounted for 53.72% and unsaturated for 32.24% of the total. There were significant differences for acidity between samples stored at 30, 45 and 60°C, with final values of 0.89, 1.0 and 1.11%, respectively. The peroxide values showed significant increases from 0.50 to 1.30 and 3.99 mEq.kg-1 in samples stored at 45 and 60°C, in this order. The TBARS value was 0.08 mgMDA.kg-1 in the initial time and there were significant increases in the samples stored at 45 and 60°C, with values of 0.12 and 0.19 mgMDA.kg-1, respectively, at the end of 56 days. The parameters L*, a* and b* for objective color characterized the yellow color of the product, with decrease in yellow tone during storage, especially at higher temperatures. The activation energy found for the system was 50.2 kJ.mol-1 and the induction period (in days) was 616 to 5°C, 103 to 30°C, 52 to 45°C and 26 to 60°C. Microbiological analysis indicated the absence of contamination for all samples. In the sensory analysis, the samples kept at 60°C for 56 days had the lowest scores for yellow tone color, opacity, characteristic odor and taste, visual viscosity and viscosity felt at the mouth. On the other hand, they showed a significant increase for the characteristic odor and taste of rancid. The results indicated that the “manteiga da terra” is a stable product for a long period under normal storage conditions.