Prevenção de lesão por pressão em idosos institucionalizados: intervenção educativa voltada ao cuidador

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Matos, Suellen Duarte de Oliveira
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Enfermagem; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Conhecimento; Atitudes e prática em saúde; Cuidadores; Estudos de validação; Instituição de longa permanência para idosos; Lesão por pressão; Health knowledge; Attitudes; Practice; Caregivers; Validation study; Homes for the aged; Pressure ulcer; Conocimientos; Actitudes y práctica en salud; Estudio de validación; Hogares para ancianos; Úlcera por presión; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23558

Introduction: The caretakers of the elderly have a primordial role in the implementation of preventive actions that aim to reduce the risk of pressure ulcer (PU) in institutionalized elderly people with partial and/or total mobility restriction, this being the is the reason why technical competence is essential for effective care. Objective: Evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of caretakers in the prevention of PU in elderly people living in long-stay institutions. Method: During the first phase, a methodological study was carried out for the construction and validation of the instrument Survey on knowledge, attitude, and practice of caretakers of the elderly on PU prevention (InqCAP-CIPLL) by experts, in two Delphi rounds, for semantic and apparent analysis. The Data was analyzed by Content Validity Index (CVI), Item Content Validity Index (ICVI), and Kappa. At the second phase, an almost experimental intervention study was carried out with application of the InqCAP-CIPLL, before and after the educational intervention anchored in the Problematization Methodology, permeated by Maguerez's Arc. Observation and focus group techniques were applied alongside a field diary and the information was recorded. For the analysis, McNemar's exact test was applied and a 5% significance level was established (p<0.05). The textual corpus of data collection was carried out through the focus group technique, was processed by the IRaMuTeQ software and analyzed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification and Bardin's Content Analysis. This thesis was approved with opinion nº 3.034.658. Results: During the Delphi I round, the instrument presented a CVI of 0.66 (clarity) and 0.85 (pertinence), and Kappa value > 0.76. During the Delphi II round, the CVI was 0.95 (clarity) and 1.00 (pertinence), and Kappa > 0.97. After the educational intervention, we observed no inadequacy for the knowledge constructed (p<0.001) and reduced inadequacy for practice (p=0.014), when compared to the previous results. Four classes emerged from the corpus, with the utilization of 310 (87.70%) text segments, originating 7 thematic categories and 5 subcategories. The use of Maguerez's Arc in the educational intervention provided the rescue of the specific knowledge of the caretaker’s training regarding actions to prevent PU. Conclusion: A validated instrument is available to address the PU prevention by caretakers of institutionalized elderly people. The steps proposed by the problematizing method offer the mobilization of knowledge and experiences of caretakers, thus allowing space for meaningful learning to improve skills.