Concepções e propostas para unificar a escola média no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Maria Geralda Oliver Rosa
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Políticas públicas; Escola dualista; Hegemonia; Escola única; Escolas Aspectos filosóficos; Educação
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/FAEC-85LJ8T

Our aim in this research isto analyse conceptions and propositions to unify high school in Brazil, during the period 1930-2004. In this period a dualistic structure in the organization of high school in Brazil prevailed, offering a general education (preparing intellectuals who could be integrated in the political leadership) and a vocational education (preparing a qualified staff for the labour market). Although, in this period also appeared several proposals in order to unify high school, including those presented by the Pioneiros da Escola Nova a liberal perspective which was brought about in the thirties as well as those based on Marxs or Gramscis thinking, which appeared in the eighties, when the Brazilian Constitution was been discussed and elaborated.In view of the debate concerning the organization of high school, either dualistic or common (unified), we chose to show what problems the dualistic structure of school can bring to society and the strategies to build a common school. With this intention, we organized our studies in three chapters. In the first one, we focus on the discussions about the dualistic organization of the school which took place in Brazil during the second half of the seventies. Then, were diffused in Brazil many theories of authors who analysed the dualistic organization of school based on the paradigm of reproduction of the relationship of social production. In the second chapter, we approach the proposals to unify the school that were presented in the liberal field as well as in the socialist field. Finally, in the third chapter, we investigate the propositions to unify high school which appeared in Brazil, from 1930 to 2004. We selected at least six moments in which we can identify proposals in order to unify secondary education and vocational education: 1) in the decade of thirty, the proposals to create a common school, presented by the Pioneiros da Escola Nova movement; 2) in the forties, a set of local laws, called leis orgânicas do ensino, whose intention was to insert the vocational education in the regular educational system, advancing a step in the direction enunciated by the Pioneiros da Escola Nova program; 3) the unification presented in the sixties, when the different branches of high school became finally equivalent among each other, giving to the people who complemeted vocational education the possibility to prolong their studies at the superior levei (Law n.2 4.024/61); 4) the unification of high school by modelling it just as a vocational education, as it occurrend in the seventies (Law n.2 5692/71); 5) the proposal to unify high school by shaping it just as a general formation (Law n.2 9394/96) and, finally, 6) the unification by the integration of general and vocational education (Decree n2 5.154/04). Our study puts in evidence that, however the unification of school is related to the unification of society, that is, a society without divisions between rulers and ruled, we should not wait that capitalism falis soto begin to fight in order to build a common school. To fight against the dualistic structure of school, still in the capitalistic society, is to fight to unify humanity, as Gramsci says, is to fight for a new society. Nevertheless, as our study shows, there is still much theoretical confusion concerning this subject.