Educação crítica libertadora para a sexualidade do adolescente na escola rural, na Colômbia e no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Adriana Marcela Monroy Garzon
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; ENFERMAGEM - ESCOLA DE ENFERMAGEM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Educação; Escola Rural; Sexualidade; Adolescentes; Modelos Educacionais; Paulo Freire
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/30999

Introduction: Sex education is a fundamental pillar of adolescent sexual and reproductive health, which is predominantly discussed in the context of urban schools. It is assumed that there are different elements of adolescent sexuality in the context of rural schools that could create a gap between traditional sex education and the needs and challenges of these adolescents. Objective: This research aims to build an educational-liberating process for adolescent sexuality in the rural school context, analyzing the culture, values and knowledge around it; identifying the elements, singularities and needs related to sexuality and promoting the critical dialogue in the rural school context. Methodology: This study follows an active qualitative research anchored in Paulo Freire's theoretical-methodological framework of critical and liberating education. The scenario was two elementary and middle schools: the former located in the rural district of Ipoema, Minas Gerais, Brazil and the latter in the municipality of Supatá, Cundinamarca, Colombia. The four phases of the Freireian itinerary were implemented: vocabulary investigation, thematization, problematization and evaluation through seven culture circles in each school. Eleven students from the Brazilian school and nineteen teenagers from the Colombian school participated. Observations of the participants were carried out from May 2017 to June 2018, focusing on groups and body map in the evaluation phase. For data analysis, the Critical Discourse Analysis was adopted. Results: There are similarities between the two schools regarding the conservative and traditional views on sexuality, with the absence of permanent actions and the lack of connection between the health and education areas to effect the emancipatory educational processes. Silencing has been identified as a social practice around sex education, producing and reproducing health and social vulnerabilities. The construction of adolescent sexuality is interdiscursively marked by a biomedical, a biological and a sexist model, using technology as a way of fullfilling the absences and precariousness of a critical and liberating pedagogical process. The possibilities of breaking the silence, the dominant ideologies and the change from a sporadic, banking and deterministic act to a critical and democratic educational practice of sexuality guided by Paulo Freire's framework in which the playful was representative, being the adolescents protagonists of the process. Conclusion: The educational process built on an active and critical perspective with adolescents, valuing their dreams, opinions, welcoming their doubts, feelings and fears pointed to a resignification of sexuality education with the potential for social transformation and enabled a social and critical pedagogy of the body. In this respect, it places sexuality as a humanizing dimension, recognizing adolescents as creative subjects and agents of change. Contributions and recommendations: the results are expected to contribute to a transformative practice in adolescent sex education in the rural context in Brazil and Colombia, problematizing the training of nurses as educators for rural populations and the approach of sexuality in a critical and liberating way; It is necessary to re-educate the concept of sexuality as a humanizing dimension and to advance the discussion about how technology and the media interfere with the lifestyles and the construction of adolescent sexuality. Finally, we hope to subsidize social discourses and practices that surpass the processes that use the body and sexuality as segregating devices of childhood and adolescence, removing their right to live sexual and reproductive health.