Doenças ocupacionais em trabalhadores das unidades do Sistema Único de Saúde de Belo Horizonte, MG

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Vanessa das Gracas Jose Ventura
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: ocupacional; Saúde dos trabalhadores; Pessoal da saúde; Doença; SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde); Doenças profissionais; Brasil; Sistema Único de Saúde; Saúde pública; Condições de trabalho; Estudos transversais; Questionários; Doenças profissionais/epidemiologia; Pessoal de saúde
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9ZKF8L

Introduction: Health personnel have essential mission in society, for care of individuals and their communities, helping to improve the quality of life and health. Health workers are those who work in health systems. They can be classified into providers and support and management professionals. The first group consists of professionals whose nature of the task is to promote or restore health. The support group and management is made up of those who work in management, information, accounting, supply, cleaning and other activities necessary for the proper functioning of the health unit. The activities developed by health workers can offer risks to their own health and contribute to the occurrence of occupational diseases. These diseases lead to damage to the service provided and consequently losses for society. Because of the number of affected workers and the social impact, occupational diseases are recognized as a public health problem. Objectives: 1) to estimate the prevalence of occupational diseases in workers SMSA-BH (Department of Health of the Local Government of the City of Belo Horizonte); 2) identify the factors associated with these diseases, with particular interest in checking the influence of characteristics related to labor conditions. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a stratified random sample of 1.768 of a universe of 13.602 workers SMSA-BH. One multiple choice questionnaire for self-fulfillment which included sociodemographic characteristics, employment and labor was used. Physical demands and psychosocial aspects of the work were measured by the JCQ (Job Content Questionnaire). The self-report was criterion for defining occupational disease. The binary logistic regression model was used to investigate possible associations and to estimate its magnitude. It was considered a significance level of 5% and 95% confidence interval. The adequacy of the model was verified by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Then, they calculated the prediction power and the probability of occupational disease according to the final model. Results: The questionnaire response rate was 80.2%. The prevalence of identified occupational disease was 9.1%, with predominant musculoskeletal diseases (67.3%) and psychiatric (14.0%). Factors positively associated with occupational disease were higher age (40-49 years old - OR 1.75, CI 1.05-2.93; 50-59 years old - OR 1.77, CI 1.01-3.11; most 60 years old - OR 3.55, CI 1.57-8.05), seniority in greater public service than 8 years and 10 months (OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.01-5.23), high physical demand (OR 2.09, CI 1.44-3.04) and high psychological demands (OR 1.89, CI 1.29- 2.77). Being part of the providers group was negatively associated with occupational disease (OR 0.65, CI 0.45-0.94). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good fit of the model and the power of prediction was 90.6%. A less likely to calculated occupational disease was identified in the group of up to 39 years seniority in lower public service than 8 years and 10 months and low physical and psychological demands and the highest was found in the group with more than 60 years, seniority of service public more than 8 years and 10 months and with high physical and psychological demands. Conclusion: The association being older age and seniority in public service occupational disease has not surpeendente. Probably synergistic effect match between aging and greater risk factors exposure time resulting in increased risk of occupational diseases. The association with administrative function was not expected. It is plausible to assume a bias caused by functional rehabilitation providers that have moved to the administrative function. Such a possibility could not be assessed in this study. The association between high physical demands and high psychological demands and occupational disease is consistent with the literature and with the nature of health work. Jobs in healthcare facilities may require professionals to extreme positions, long walks, weight lifting featuring high physical demands. In addition, health workers are exposed to situations of excessive workload, responsibility, decision making under time pressure and contact with acute situations that characterize the high psychological demands. The results confirm the association of working conditions with occupational diseases. It suggests the adoption of measures to reduce stress especially for those who perceive high physical and psychological demands of the tasks at work.