Caracterização de óleos essenciais de lúpulos brasileiros e importados

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Flávia Guimarães Lopes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; ICX - DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Voláteis; Mirceno; Linalol; Cariofileno; Farneseno; Humuleno; Hidrodestilação; Cromatografia a gás; Espectrometria de massas; Química orgânica; Compostos orgânicos voláteis; Cromatografia de gás; Espectrometria de massa; Essências e óleos essenciais; Cerveja – Indústria; Analise de componentes principais; Cerveja; Hidrocarbonetos
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/61129

Brazil is one of the largest importers of hops around the world, and the cultivation of the plant is still incipient in the country. Therefore, it becomes necessary to analyze the quality of hops cultivated so far. In this work, the chemical composition of 28 samples of hops of the varieties Comet, Cascade, Saaz, Chinook, Centennial, Hallertau Mitellfruh, Mantiqueira, Sorachi Ace, Galena, Columbus, Nugget and Hallertau Magnum, cultivated in Brazil and in countries like United States, Germany and the Czech Republic. The oils were extracted from the plant through hydrodistillation, and the gas chromatography technique coupled with mass spectrometry was used to characterize the compounds. With regard to the content of essential oils, only imported Saaz hop was considered low content according to the classification given by ABSC, and only four samples grown in Brazil had content below that reported in the literature. Regarding the number of volatiles found, Mantiqueira hop, native to Brazil, stand out, since presented the highest value of all samples. Among the main compounds of interest to the brewing industry, β-myrcene was the only one identified in all samples, followed by trans-β-caryophyllene, which was just not identified in hop imported from the Cascade variety, and linalool, present in 12 Brazilian and 8 imported oils. β-farnesene was found in nine Brazilian hops and only one imported from the Saaz variety. α-humulene was characterized in 10 Brazilian and 9 imported oils, however, some samples that did not show significant concentrations of this compound had their oxidation compound epoxide of humulene II, indicating that the samples underwent oxidation reactions before analysis. Furthermore, using the technique of analysis of principal components, it was possible to differentiate the Brazilian samples from the imported ones, especially regarding the levels of α-humulene and β-caryophyllene. Finally, the hops that presented the highest masses of β-myrcene, linalool, trans-β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene, α humulene were the imported Centennial, the Brazilian Nugget, the Brazilian Galena, the imported Saaz and the imported Hallertau Magnum, respectively. The research results revealed that the place of cultivation influences the genotype of the plant and, although incipient, the cultivation of hops in Brazil has obtained good results.