Entre bandeiras, árvores e bonecas: festas em escolas públicas primárias de Minas Gerais (1906-1930)

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Maria Aparecida de Souza Gerken
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Conhecimento; Educação; Inclusão social; República Brasil; Escolas Aspectos sociais; Escolas primarias Minas Gerais
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-96NG6A

The objective of this study is to analyze traces of school parties held in public elementary schools in Minas Gerais from 1906 to 1930, questioning the meanings attributed to them. The period of interest was delimited based on the reference of two teaching reforms in Minas Gerais, with important repercussion in the organization of the schools: the Elementary School Reform, implemented in João Pinheiros government in 1906 (as well as the reforms implemented in the following governments, continuing and expanding their requirements in the next two decades) , and the so-called Francisco Campos Reform in the government of Antônio Carlos in 1927. Both reforms were very relevant to this study as they established parties as practices that should be held in the schools for various reasons, according to the civic and religious calendar, in permanent conformity. The first reform was responsible for the proposition of the Grupos Escolares as a model for the primary education, with teaching programs and requirements for new practices, among them the parties, especially the Flag Party Festa da Bandeira on the 19th of November that was configured as the main recommended school party, mobilized by the appeal to the sense of nation. The second reform marked an attempt to reorganize the teaching with an approach to the ideas of the New School in which the Auditorium stood out as a festive event. Various sources were found, selected and mobilized, among which the distinguished varied documentation produced in the then Secretaria de Interior do Estado de Minas Gerais (responsible for the so-called public instruction) , kept in the Public Archives - Arquivo Público Mineiro in Belo Horizonte, composed of legal orderings, among other documents, reports from inspectors and school principals, printed matter for pedagogical purpose, as the School Life bulletin and the Teaching Journal of Minas Gerais, and images ( especially photographies). The first chapter is dedicated to the requirements of the law and to the festive programs in the schools; the second one analyzes the different kinds of discursive records about the school parties present in documents produced in the schools; the third chapter approaches the Flag Party Festa da Bandeira which gained analysis focus. The final considerations have addressed permanence, ruptures and displacement in the senses of the school parties in the period of time studied. Thus, for example, the parties established in calendar after the reform of 1906, of which traces in the consulted documents were found, assumed a markedly civic sense where the principal intention was the production of an identity of the children with the nation, a feeling still diffuse and tenuous. In the 1927 reform, when the Auditorium and the Doll Party were proposed, the meaning of the celebration was changed from the nation to the child as the major concern, giving rise to a playful character to the party, pointing at an accession to the New School ideas. Through the discourse strategies, a substitution of the elements of a religious tradition in the civic school parties was noted. The reasons why certain parties were included or excluded from the festive calendars in the focused period have also been approached.