Determinantes da mortalidade infantil em municípios do vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Thania Aparecida Gomes da Silva Barbosa
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Mortalidade Infanti; Estudos de Casos e Controles; Fatores Epidemiológicos; Brasil; Mortalidade Infantil; Humanos; Fatores Socioeconômicos; Enfermagem; Questionários; Fatores de Risco; Dados Demográficos
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8SVPVU

Infant mortality is an important public health challenge of multifactorial etiology and with persistent disparities among regions of Brazil and the world. A better understanding of its determinants is essential in order to identify the main causes of child deaths, as well as conditions which may trigger them, accelerating activities aimed to modify them in all geographic levels. This epidemiological, observational, case-control study, aimed to analyze the determinants on infant mortality in the cities of Araçuaí, Joaíma, Jordânia and Novo Cruzeiro, located in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais. The 36 infant deaths which occurred in 2008 were the considered cases. The controls were 72 liveborn children during the same period, randomly selected, which have not evolved to death. Data on demographic and socioeconomic conditions, maternal obstetric antecedents, maternal and obstetric care to prenatal and childbirth, biological conditions of mothers and newborns were obtained using a home questionnaire for mother and/or the ones responsible for cases and controls. The results showed a predominance of neonatal deaths, although significant proportions of post-neonatal deaths were identified. In the multivariate model, the children of women with a history of stillbirth, and also the ones who were born premature or with some type of malformation, were significantly associated with infant mortality. In addition, newborns whose families did not receive government aid and lived in houses with disadvantage, such as dirt floors or cement floors and without access to piped water, were more likely to die before their first year of life also. We concluded that perinatal causes are determinants of infant mortality in the study population, but poor socioeconomic conditions still have interfered significantly in the occurrence of infant deaths and suggest problems such as social deprivation and poor access to health services. The challenge of reducing child deaths in the studied cities incorporates the need for improvements in access and quality of assistance to maternal and child health, as well as the demand for public policies aimed to at reducing socioeconomic inequalities.