Fase de Gouy em ondas de matéria de estados gaussianos puros e mistos

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Irismar Goncalves da Paz
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Moléculas de fulereno; Fase de Gouy; Onda de matéria; Lentes quânticas; Interferometria Ramsey; Ondas de matéria; Fulerenos; Física; Ondas de luz clássica
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/IACO-8NEQSL

In this thesis, we study theoretical and experimental aspects of the Gouy phase in matter waves. We show that this phase is related to the covariance between position and momentum and can be indirectly extracted from interferometric experiments. Next, we analyze a diffraction experiment with macro-molecules realized by Zeilingers group [1] and we show that the existence of a Gouy phase is compatible with those experimental data. Similar to the Gouy phase for classical electromagnetic waves, it is shown that a beam of matter waves suffers a phase anomaly around the focus of a quantum lens. An experimental proposal to measure this phase is presented with experimental parameters viable to current technology. We hope this work motivates studies of the theoretical problem, open a few years ago, and forexperiments that lead us to an understanding deeper and more realistic of the Gouy phase for mixed states of matter waves and light. At the end, we present our conclusions.