Formação militar e "amparo aos desvalidos"na companhia de aprendizes militares de Minas Gerais (1876-1891)

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Felipe Osvaldo Guimaraes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: História da educação social; Infância desvalida; Educação militar; Educação Historia Minas Gerais; Assistencia a menores; Educação militar História; Sociologia militar; Sociologia educacional Minas Gerais
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9JHJB4

This historical research investigates the creation and organization of the Company of Military Apprentices of Minas Gerais (1876-1891) whose purpose was to train soldiers for the Army by collecting underprivileged children in the context of the development of public policies for the protection and assistance to childhood. The first chapter analyzes the reorganization effort of the Brazilian Army during and after the Paraguayan War, through the definition of establishments for the training of officers and soldiers trained in the values of the corporation code. The next chapter deals with the creation of institutions by the State, in order to assist children and young orphans, abandoned and "destitute of fortune" and provide them with professional abilities. To form "useful citizens for themselves and their homeland" and away from children and youth crime and addictions, among other institutions, there were created in 1876 two Companies of Military Apprentices, one in Goiás and another in Minas Gerais. The third chapter studies the conditions of installation and operation of the Company in Minas Gerais, whose apprentices consisted of children between 7 and 12 years old, orphaned, poor or freed by the Law of the Free Birth. Maintained by the Ministry of War and the President of the Province, the institution taught lecture, music, gymnastics, swimming and religious education, in addition to military training itself, being extinguished in 1891. Different documentary sources, such as legislation, government reports of the Brazilian Empire and of the province, correspondence exchanged between authorities and the articles published in local newspapers were investigated. The documents analyzed in the Arquivo Público Mineiro are linked to a theoretical discussion that dialogues with authors from areas such as the History of Childhood, Military History, History of Military Education and History of Social Education. The present study, therefore, allows us to observe a link between proposals to modernize the training of army recruits and a states effort to provide assistance to the poor, particularly poor children, with a specific military initiation, technical knowledge and their own ethos, based on values such as hierarchy and discipline.