Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e excesso de peso em adultos da linha de base da coorte de Universidades Mineiras (CUME), Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Luís Paulo Souza e Souza
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; MEDICINA - FACULDADE DE MEDICINA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Bebidas Alcoólicas; Bebedeira; Sobrepeso; Obesidade
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/31055; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9801-4157

Objective: Analyze alcohol consumption patterns and their correlation with overweight in adults from baseline of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME), Brazil. Methods: CUME project is an open cohort, with a restricted populational group, that works to evaluate the impact of Brazilian dietary patterns and nutritional transition in chronic, non-communicable diseases in individuals who have gone through Higher Education Institutions in the state of Minas Gerais. In this Thesis, a transversal analysis was conducted on 2.909 participants (≥ 18 years old), graduated between the years 1994 and 2014. The data collection from the baseline occurred between march and august of 2016, through a digital quiz containing questions relative to sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, health condition, and eating habit characteristics. Results and their reviews are presented in this volume in the form of scientific papers. The outcome variable was overweight, defined by Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. The exposure variables were: a) consumption of alcoholic beverages (no, yes); b) weekly frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages (<1 day/week; 1-4 days/week; ≥ 5 days/week); c) daily alcohol consumption in grams (g) - quartiles; d) daily consumption of types of alcoholic beverages in milliliters (mL) - quartiles (beer; wine; and spirits = sugarcane liquor, rum, vodka and whisky); e) heavy episodic drinking or binge drinking (BD) - four or more doses in a single instance for women and five or more doses in a single instance for men, in the last 30 days (no, yes); f) monthly frequency of BD (zero, 1 to 2 times, 3 to four times, ≥5 times). The adjustment variables were gender; age; skin color; marital status; professional situation; family income; smoking habit; medical depression diagnostic; physical activity; total energy consumption; presence of chronic illnesses. Prevalence Ratios (PR) and their respective Confidence Intervals of 95% (CI 95%) were adjusted by multivariate Poisson regression. Sensitivity analysis were perform in order to evaluate the robustness of results on both papers, excluding: (a) subjects with previous medically diagnosed obesity, (b) subjects who gained 10 kg or more prior to the study (05 years), (c) all subjects included in criteria (a) and (b), plus those who utilized weight control medication. Results: Prevalence of overweight was of 40,8%. In relation to alcohol consumption, 73,6% partook in it, and the average daily alcohol consumption was of 5,9 g (standard-deviation - SD = 9,1 g). The average daily consumption of beer was of 76,2mL (SD = 22,6mL); wines 16,1mL (SD = 5,0mL); and spirits 2,9mL (SD = 1,6mL). A significant tendency towards increase in prevalence of overweight with increase in beer consumption was observed (p for trend = 0,038), not observed in other beverages. After sensitivity analysis, alcohol ingestion was associated with overweight, with tendency towards increase of prevalence with higher daily consumption [Paper 1]. As for the BD pattern, 41,3% exposed themselves to this behavior, and among these, most exposed themselves to this habit 1 to 2 days/month (52,7%), followed by those who exposed themselves 3 to 4 days/month (27,9%) and 5 or more days/month (19,4%). BD was shown to increase prevalence in overweight by 19%, wherein exposing oneself ≥ 5 days/month increased it in 31%. In all sensitivity analyses, BD associated positively to overweight, and the tendency towards increased prevalence of the outcome with monthly exposure was maintained (p ≤ 0,001) [Paper 2]. Conclusions: The need to reduce the widely accepted notion that low to moderate consumption to alcohol is not harmful must be pointed out, taking great care when making this assumption. The influence of the consumption of alcoholic beverages in weight gain must be considered in public health and alcohol ingestion control policies, with great emphasis on binge drinking in one or more monthly occasions in the Brazilian population.