Mobilidade urbana na Grande São Paulo: deslocamento pendular para trabalho, tipologia socioeconômica, migração e diferenciais de rendimento

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Verônica de Castro Lameira
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; FACE - FACULDADE DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Mobilidade Urbana; Mobilidade Pendular; Migração; Tipologia Urbana; Diferenciais Salariais; Geografia urbana; São Paulo, Região Metropolitana de (SP)
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/32033

This thesis presents three essays that explore different dimensions of commuting mobility for work in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP) from the microdata of the Brazilian Demographic Census of 2010. The main argument that permeates all the discussion developed throughout the thesis is that the urbanization process and the metropolization that the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo underwent, confirmed that the metropolitan area, which we are currently facing, faces urban mobility bottlenecks, especially in the daily life for work, marked by the expressive volume and heterogeneity of those who carry it out daily. Thus, in the first essay of the thesis entitled “Urbanization, metropolization and mobility for work: entering the São Paulo Metropolitan Region from the 2010 Demographic Census”, a socioeconomic division of the metropolitan space is proposed, through the technique of regionalization called the Minimum Generating Tree in order to identify individual profiles for the pendulous flows according to groups of homogeneous municipalities, in order to characterize and direct commuting flows according to the economic and social peculiarities of the municipalities of origin and destination. These were obtained from multinomial logistic regressions for commuting choices, according to the different municipal profiles found, as well as individual characteristics, showing that white and yellow individuals, older, married, responsible for family and construction workers more likely to cross municipal boundaries for work daily, when compared to black, brown or indigenous, young individuals. In addition, the presence of children at home does not inhibit commuting in general. However, women with children are less likely to work outside the municipality where they live. In the second essay, entitled “Urban Typology, Migration and commuting for Work in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo: The Role of Distance in the Connections between Daily and Permanent Mobility”, the connection between migration and commuting mobility for work is investigated, migrants are more prone to commuting according to the urban typology to which they are inserted, and if the relation between commuting and migration differs according to the distance in which the latter takes place. Through the bivariate probit methodologies and generalized structural equation models, the main results show the relation between the commuting and the migration, which are associated according to the distance. Commuting displacements and migration are negatively associated when migration is from long distance. On the other hand, the relation between commuting and migration is positive when it occurs at short distances. These results suggest complementarity in intrametropolitan and intermunicipal migrations, and substitution in cases of permanent mobility being intra-state, interstate or interregional. In addition, the importance of socio-demographic characteristics, such as sex, age, marital status, race, presence of children in the household, as well as occupational attributes such as formalization in the labor market, are important factors in the explanation of commuting and of the migratory distances considered. In the third essay of the thesis, “Commuting movement for work and wage differentials in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo: a multiscale approach”, the salary differentials due to commuting conditions in the SPM are investigated. From the methodological point of view, the trial uses cross-section regressions, which take into account the characteristics of the workers, the workplaces, and the cities of residence, considering the hierarchical nature of the data. Thus, quantum models, hierarchical, and quantum-hierarchical models are used. The salary differentials from the quantile models show that they tend to be lower in the higher percentiles of income distribution for both men and women. The main results reveal wage premium for commuters, even after controlling for the individual characteristics and the municipal context in which the workers are inserted. Employed without a formal contract, on their own account, or with a formal contract, receive lower hourly wages in relation to workers in the position of employers. The average differences in earnings between occupational status are similar for men and women. Although higher education guarantees labor incomes well above those received by high school graduates, it seems to matter a great deal for both men and women to rise to ever greater instructional levels as a way of addressing such differences in relation to graduates. Regarding the municipal characteristics, it is still important to rent in salary differentials for both sexes. In turn, the results obtained using hierarchical quantum models show the relationship between commuting and hourly income differentials, as well as migration, schooling, race, occupational status and sector of activity in the different income distribution quantiles. male and female workers. From the three essays of the thesis, the importance of the heterogeneity of the territory for the study of the commuting for work, the role of the migratory distance and the migration to understand the commuting becomes evident. It is also worth noting the presence of incomes, on average, higher for workers commuting before those who work and who live in similar municipalities. Public policies focused on urban mobility for work, centered on the stimulation of economic polycentrality and job creation in the outskirts of Greater São Paulo are suggested, in order to make possible greater social inclusion of the population located in the peripheries and facilitate the intense daily coming and going of the population.