Psiquiatria e tipos naturais

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Tércio Eliphas Leite Barbosa
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ian Hacking; Tipos interativos; Tipos naturais; Filosofia da psiquiatria
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/30063

The notion of interactive kinds of Ian Hacking has made considerable progress in showing that psychiatric classifications can be no less than interactive kinds. The aim of the present investigation was to determine in which sense psychiatric kinds could be naturalized after the introduction of this notion. Questioning the type of entities that are psychiatric classifications opens the problem of unity and cohesion of the series of characteristics that descriptively composes these classifications. In this scenario, natural kinds and interactive kinds mark the main stages of philosophic reflexion on the ontological and epistemological status of classifications in psychiatry. While interactive kinds show inclusive classifications, natural kinds show classifications marked by restricted criteria. The accommodative conception of Richard Boyd rejects essentialism without abandoning realism, serving as the appropriate model for thinking how innumerable classifications of DSM-5 fail, and few succeed, in accommodating their descriptive schemas into causal factors. We start from the contemporary tendency of naturalization of human kinds and approach the boydian natural kinds to the distinction between interactive kinds and indifferent kinds. We have drawn the consequences and gains from the non-reduction of the indifferent to the natural. The strategy adopted was to interrogate and to determine the ontology of the kinds of Hacking. Nominalism of the interactive and indifferent kinds is not opposed to the results of the natural-scientific investigation, but it is a way of weakening the antagonism and including these results in the philosophical analysis. Based on this nominalism, we have broadened the range of historical ontology of Hacking. Interactive and indifferent kinds develop the field of analysis of historical ontology by incorporating boydian natural kinds into the constitution of the space of experiences. We have indicated the way in which the naturals emerge as indifferent in the relational field of interactives, that is, introducing new elements into the public dynamics of classification. We have evidenced the nominalist residue in every psychiatric classification, which prevents its full and complete naturalization.