Raciocínios sob incerteza: combinando lógica epistêmica e probabilidade

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: PINHEIRO, Natalia Pereira
• Orientador(a): PEREIRA, Marcio Kléos Freire
• Banca de defesa: PEREIRA, Marcio Kléos Freire , RUIVO, José Leonardo Annunziato , NEIVA, André Luiz de Almeida Lisboa
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FILOSOFIA - PPGFIL
• Departamento: DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOSOFIA/CCH
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: lógica epistêmica; incerteza epistêmica; raciocínios sob incerteza; probabilidade.
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: epistemic logic; epistemic uncertainty; reasoning under uncertainty; probability.
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Lógica; Filosofia
• Link de acesso: https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/4811

In the usual epistemic logic it is possible to represent the agents' knowledge. However, it is not possible to represent the cases in which the agents cannot assert something with certainty, but have good reasons to accept certain propositions to the detriment of others. To increase the range of language in this sense, it is necessary to enrich the epistemic logic with probability. With probability, in epistemic logics it will be possible to assign a numerical value (or another qualitative element) to sets of worlds, creating, in turn, a kind of authority among the propositions. From this ordering, even in uncertain conditions, making more rational choices and representing them is possible. This conjugation between two types of logic guarantees language an expanded capacity to deal with reflection in a deductive way (richer and more expressive formalism). This research aims to analyze and show how features of epistemic logic and probability can be associated with representing reasonings under uncertainty. For that, an investigation is made into the epistemic logic (syntax, semantics and limits in the reach of the representation). In addition, it explores the relationship between the concepts of probability and epistemic uncertainty. Finally, we discuss how the combination between epistemic logic and probability has been made by Joseph Halpern in his Reasoning about uncertainty (2003). The methodology used here is the usual bibliographical research in the relevant literature.