Fatores de risco e de proteção para câncer de mama: revisão sistemática e estudo caso-controle

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: INUMARU, Lívia Emi
• Orientador(a): NAVES, Maria Margareth Veloso
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Mestrado em Nutricao e Saude
• Departamento: Ciencias da Saude
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Atividade física; Câncer de mama; Fatores de risco; Fatores socioeconômicos; fatores socioeconômicos; atividade física
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Breast cancer; Physical activity; Risk factors; Socioeconomic factors
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1465

Breast cancer is an important health concern, being the neoplasm that most affects women. The aims of this study were to elaborate a systematic review on risk and protective factors for breast cancer, and to investigate these factors in women who received health care in two public hospitals of Goiânia, Goiás. In the systematic review, we surveyed the following variables: breastfeeding, physical activity, body composition and alcoholic drink consumption. In the first half of 2010, we performed a review on cohort and case-control studies corresponding to the years 2007 to 2010, through PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo databases. The analytical study was a case-control of outpatient basis. Cases were interviewed at Araújo Jorge Hospital (public hospital of Goiânia specialized in cancer) and at the breast service of Clinical Hospital from Federal University of Goiás (HC/UFG), and controls were selected among users of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic at the HC/UFG. Investigated variables included: socioeconomic data, family history of cancer, hormonal variables, breastfeeding, anthropometric measures, alcoholic drink consumption, physical activity and smoking habit. Data were analyzed through Statistical Software for Professional, version 8.0. According to the systematic review, breastfeeding and physical activity are important protective factors for breast cancer, while alcoholic drink consumption is considered a risk factor. The increase of anthropometric measures was positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer, except for body fatness, whose evidences are still contradictory in both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer. In case-control study, we collected data from 279 women (93 cases ad 186 controls). Per capita income, area of residence, family history of breast cancer and physical activity were associated with breast cancer. Per capita income equal to or lower than ½ Brazilian minimum wage (OR= 1.88; 95%CI= 1.06-3.29), residence in rural area (OR= 4.93; 95%CI= 1.65-14.73) and presence of family history of breast cancer (OR= 5.38; 95%CI= 1.46-19.93) were considered risk factors for breast neoplasm in the present sample. Active women were at lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared to sedentary women (OR= 0.23; CI= 0.10-0.55), and that ones who had practiced leisure physical activity at young age (20 years-old) were less likely to develop the disease, compared to who had ever practiced (OR= 0.13; CI= 0.03-0.54). Through the systematic review, it is possible to conclude that the best way of preventing breast cancer is to adopt a healthy lifestyle, including the practice of breastfeeding and physical activity, the control of alcoholic drink consumption and the maintenance of an adequate body weight. According to case-control study, we can conclude that having low per capita income, living in rural area and having family history of breast cancer are risk factors for breast cancer, and practicing physical activity is a protective factor for the disease.