Uma sequência didática de matemática para o nivelamento de alunos ingressantes no ensino médio

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Castro, Ubiratan Silva
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional; Centro de Ciências Exatas; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional
• Palavras-chave em Português: Didactic Sequence; Sequência didática; Aritmética básica; Conjuntos numéricos e operações; Nivelamento em matemática; Matemática do ensino fundamental; Basic arithmetic; Numerical sets and operations; Leveling in mathematics; Elementary school mathematics; Matemática
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17672

This thesis addresses the contents of basic arithmetic applied in mathematics classes in the final years of elementary school, which, in turn, should serve as support material for teachers and for the leveling of students entering high school. We report here the contents of mathematics since the emergence of number, the systems of numberings and bases, the construction of numerical sets: Natural, Integer, Rational, Irrational, Real and their fundamental operations and properties. The didactic sequence presents itself with a degree of difficulty in a progressive and constructive way. Special attention is focused on the study and understanding of the set of rational numbers, especially in the operations of addition and subtraction of these, in fractional and decimal forms. In the set of rational numbers is also approached the circulating decimal in order to introduce the set of irrational numbers, also going through the ratios, proportions and rules of three simple and compound. A relationship is also made between the various languages within the set of rational numbers, whether in the forms: fractional, representative, decimal form and percentage form, since many students are not able to assimilate these relations. In the final part there is an explanation of the studies of potentiation and its properties, scientific notation, radiciation and its properties, ending with the topic of rationalization of irrational denominators. In each subject addressed, questions of the OBMEP - Brazilian Public School Mathematics Olympiad, levels 1 and 2 (elementary school) are presented and resolved