Da catacumba à basílica: hibridismo cultural, domesticação do sagrado e conflito religioso no contexto de emergência do marianismo (séc. III-V)

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Campos, Ludimila Caliman
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Doutorado em História; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em História
• Palavras-chave em Português: Empire Romain; Paléochrétienne; Le culte marial; Alexandrie; Concile d'Ephèse; Roman Empire; Paleochristian; Marian cult; Council of Ephesus; Império Romano; Paleocristianismo; Culto Mariano; Concílio de Éfeso; Maria, Virgem, Santa - Culto - História; Cristianismo x História; Cristianismo x Origem; Alexandria (Egito); Roma x História; História; 93/99
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/3559

The formation of Marian devotion has been considered by many researchers, one of the most enigmatic objects of study of the History of Christianity, largely because of the sources available for understanding this event are plural and difficult to be concatenated. The documentary corpora we elect – images, epigraphic inscriptions, liturgical texts, chronicles, letters, homilies, doctrinal texts and conciliar texts – indicates, above all, the emergence of this piety was wrapped in a web of power relations woven by bishops, monks, authorities Imperial and devotees. Initially, the border Christianity was forged from the middle of the III century cooperated to a large extent, for the hybridization of some forms of worship, including the devotion to Mary, as we have seen, for example, the creation of Marian frescoes in the Catacombs of St. Priscilla. Although manifest initially in a dispersed manner, Marian piety will be domesticated by the ekklesia pari passu to its strengthening among filochristians groups, on account of the efforts of some church leaders of Alexandria, especially Clement of Alexandria, Origen and Athanasius – members the center of studies of Alexandria – who dedicated themselves to develop a theology grounded in the glorification of Mary. In the IV and V centuries, we noted, throughout the Empire, the spread of reserved devotional practices to Mary under the scope of personal and monastic piety, a fact that displeased largely, some episcopal authorities, especially those affiliated to school of Antioch. Therefore, in the year 431, it broke a major controversy in the Council of Ephesus concerning the defense of the use of titles Christótokos and Theotókos, both awarded to Mary. The event was set up around the political and cultural struggle undertaken by bishops Nestorius of Constantinople and Cyril of Alexandria, in which he fought for doctrinal, liturgical institutionalization of worship. Soon after the victory of Cyril and his supporters, an important building was erected: the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. The project demonstrated that piety to Mary turned out to be not only safeguarded and institutionalized by the ekklesia, but also manipulated to serve as the emblem for the glorification of the power of the bishop of Rome.