Sensoriamento remoto e condutividade elétrica aparente para o delineamento de zonas de manejo na cultura do café arábica

• Ano de defesa: 2022
• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Anna Carolina Barboza
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Agronomia; Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Coffea arabica L.; Agricultura de Precisão; Cafeicultura de Montanha; Geoestatística; Cafés de qualidade; subject.br-rjbn; Agronomia
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/16838

The use of Precision Agriculture (PA) techniques in coffee cultivation has grown in recent years, as it enables the use of more modern tools that allow agricultural production to be optimized. It is interesting that obtaining information about the productive areas is done faster and less costly. In addition to that it is important that the management of these areas is carried out in a way that allows better use of the available resources. In the case of mountain coffee growing, there is still some difficulty in applying inputs at varying rates due to the need for mechanization of the areas, an alternative to this may be the use of management zones (MZ) to manage the production area according to the real needs of each location more precisely. That is why it is important to carry out studies that evaluate the possibility of applying PA tools in mountain coffee growing, allowing the final product to have greater productivity and quality. In this sense, this work was developed with the objective of delineating MZ for the culture of Arabica coffee, through vegetation indices and apparent soil electrical conductivity. The study was carried out in an eight-year-old Arabica coffee crop, variety Catuaí Amarelo, in the municipality of Alegre - ES. An irregular sampling mesh was assembled, totaling 80 georeferenced points. Obeying the mesh used, soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-0.20 m, from which chemical and physical analyzes were carried out. At the same depth, the apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was analyzed at three different times. In addition to these analyses, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), MPRI (Modified Photochemical Reflectance Index) and NDRE (Normalized Difference Red Edge Index) vegetation indices and the productivity obtained in each of the two study seasons were also evaluated. In the first season, the combinations of the variables obtained were used in the design of the MZ to be followed as a basis for the second year of the study. With the MZ outlined, the productivity and quality of the drink were evaluated. The data obtained were submitted to classic statistical and geostatistical analyses. Regarding the variables that determine the productivity of the coffee crop, it is observed that they follow a pattern of regionalization that must be taken into account for the management recommendation. Vegetation indices in the fruiting stage are related to crop productivity, but with a view to designing the MZ, the ECa results combined with altitude and clay data are sufficient, not justifying the use of indices since they make the more expensive and laborious process. In addition, the results indicate that in the second harvest there was a significant decrease in most of the soil nutrient content, which may have occurred due to extraction in a year of high production. Another factor that can influence both the availability of nutrients and the productivity of the crop is fertilization carried out in amounts lower than recommended. As for the quality of the drink, it can be seen that all evaluated batches presented coffees with the potential to produce a quality drink, in addition to having maintained a quality standard in both harvests studied, which allows the producer to bet on the special coffee Market.