Edmund Burke: direito natural e mercado na formação do pensamento político moderno na Inglaterra (1780-1797)

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Tito Souza da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Nome do curso; Centro de Ciências Jurídicas e Econômicas; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Economia política; Direito natural; Mercado; Teoria Econômica
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/18294

This thesis analyzes the political and economic thought of Edmund Burke (1729-1797). Author of a vast intellectual work, he stood out as one of the most influential thinkers in the public debate in England during the 18th century. A parliamentarian and member of the Whig Party, he worked directly on several issues surrounding the international relations of the British Empire, social and economic reforms and, especially, in the analysis of the consequences of the French Revolution. As a theoretical framework, this work follows the assumptions of the Cambridge School, especially the works of Quentin Skinner and J. G. A. Pocock to demonstrate the importance of political language and the use of concepts in Burke's political and economic writings. Based on his various books, speeches and letters, this thesis highlights how Burke presented the concepts of Social Contract and Liberty based on Natural Law in order to, firstly, condemn the revolutionary acts that began in July 1789 in France and, in particular, to emphasize the role of institutions and traditions in improving and preserving society. These concepts are fundamental to understanding the development of Liberalism during the 18th century. It also demonstrates how Burke gained notoriety as a precursor of Modern Political Economy by presenting a model of public revenue management based on reducing government spending, deregulating the economy, and improving the efficiency of public managers. In addition, Burke listed free trade, autonomy in drafting employment contracts, and non-interference by the government in setting prices as fundamental factors for the stability of a nation. Burke's work is presented in dialogue with several intellectuals from Contractualism, Natural Law, and Political Economy to help us understand how the author responded to the economic and social issues of his time. Finally, it aims to demonstrate how Burke contributed to the formation of a political and economic thought that interconnected Natural Law, Social Contract, economic freedom, and institutions.