Análise do adensamento urbano no comportamento microclimático em Vitória (ES): aplicações no modelo ENVI-met

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Leal, Laiz Reis
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Engenharia Civil; Centro Tecnológico; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Urban thermal attenuation; Microclimatic simulation; Climate changes; Urban planning; ENVI_MET 4.3.; Adensamento urbano; Atenuação térmica urbana; Mudanças climáticas; Planejamento urbano; Microclimatologia x Simulação (Computadores); Engenharia Civil; 624
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10895

The pursuit for urban environment adaptation to climate change is indicated one of the greatest challenges of this century, and the cities appear both as potential originators of the climate change as well as targets of such consequences. Therefore, the processes of urban planning are essentials, aiming to mitigate the climate change and the adaptations of cities for future events. Thus, predictive studies are required to support the decision-making, observing those highlighted and referred to computational simulations. Predictions alert that extreme events will occur in more frequency and intensity, and among them are included heat waves, in which high temperatures interfere negatively in the quality of life, and even more, increasing risks to the human health. The urban configurations that act already to modify the original environmental conditions, related to the influences of the climate changes, can have effects potentialized, interfering directly in the energy balance of the urban environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implications of urban density in the thermal behavior at the pedestrian level toward to the potential global warming scenario in Vitória (ES). The methodology is composed by field survey, microclimatic measurements, modeling and simulations of the measured scenarios using the program ENVI_MET 4.3, considering evaluations of its accuracy. The main simulations included four different morphological scenarios, in which the parameters of densification and verticalization were changed. As result, it was identified that the scenario of greatest verticalization presented the lowest values for both Ta and TRM, reaching a difference up to 1°C for Ta at 15h, and up to 27°C for TRM at 9h, both linked to the standard scenario according to the current condition. This contrast was nearly related to the direct incidence of the radiation. Therefore, the scenarios more shaded by buildings indicated lower temperatures at the street level. However, the same scenarios, due to the fact that they were denser, and thus composed of a greater quantity of construction materials, had their cooling hindered toward the energy balance process, apart from having influenced the wind distribution and velocity, outlining a decrease of these values in most of the analyzed area.