Biodiesel: Estudos sobre Produção, Caracterização e Aplicações Utilizando Oleaginosas do Nordeste Brasileiro

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Arruda, Tathilene Bezerra Mota Gomes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Biodiesel; Querosene de aviação; Gergelim; Moringa
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/35102

This work describes the use of sesame (Sesamum indicum), moringa (Moringa oleifera), pequi (Caryocar brasiliensis) and waste cooking oil (WCO) as raw material for production of biodiesel through homogeneous basic catalysis. Studies about applications as blend to mineral diesel and additive to aviation kerosene were conducted. Methyl and ethyl biodiesel of sesame showed physic-chemic properties as acid value, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and specific mass at 20 °C under ANP standards. Transesterification reaction was confirmed through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Hydrogen and Carbon spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric data allowed the determination of activation energy of the biodiesel, the values found were 67.54 ± 0.84 kJ.mol-1 for sesame methyl biodiesel and 66.74 ± 0.75 kJ.mol-1 for ethyl biodiesel. Moringa ethyl biodiesel was added to WCO biodiesel using 10 and 20% v/v. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the improvement of the WCO biodiesel when moringa biodiesel was added once initial degradation temperature was increased around 10 °C. After this, a systemic study was conducted and storage conditions were evaluated through determination of acid value. The study showed the samples that contained WCO biodiesel as the most impacted with acid values increase while samples that contained mineral diesel did not suffer considerable alteration. Moringa biodiesel kept acid value under ASTM and ANP standards when storage under temperature room (25-30 °C) and not exposed to solar light. For the study of the behavior of the blends between biodiesel and aviation kerosene Jet A1, it was utilized sesame and pequi methyl biodiesel. It was used 1, 3 and 5% of biodiesel added to aviation kerosene. As sesame biodiesel, transesterification of pequi oil was confirmed through ¹H NMR. Physical-chemical properties as kinematic viscosity at -20 °C, specific mass at 20 °C and flash point of the samples were in accordance with international and national parameter for aviation kerosene Jet A1. The thermogravimetric curves of the blends that contained pequi biodiesel showed temperature range lower than curve for aviation kerosene pure while blends with sesame biodiesel showed similar thermogravimetric behavior for all proportions evaluated in the study.