Estudo do sistema álcool + biodiesel + diesel (AB-Diesel): equilíbrio e propriedades termofluidodinâmicas.

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Silveira, Márcia Bezerra
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Engenharia química; Álcool; Biodiesel; Processos químicos
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/5462

The reduction of emissions from diesel engines has been studied by many authors and the modification of the fuel composition is one of the most discussed alternatives. In this context, the study of ab-diesel mixture (alcohol + biodiesel + diesel) has attracted attention due to some of its features, such as combustion heat similar to that of "pure" diesel and reducing the emission of particulates and toxic gases. Diesel oil is defined as a petroleum-derived fuel, constituted basically by hydrocarbons and at low concentrations for sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. The presence of the paraffin compounds in diesel hamper the solubility of polar compounds, such as alcohols, thus biodiesel has been studied as an agent to solubilize the alcohol in diesel ensuring the formulation of stable mixtures. The insertion of this fuel derived from renewable biomass made up of a mix of mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids from vegetable, animal and residual oils contributes also to the improvement of some important physical-chemical characteristics in the use of this mixture as a source of energy. The solubility of the systems made up of diesel + methylic soybean biodiesel + methanol and diesel + ethylic soybean biodiesel + ethanol was studied through the construction of liquid-liquid equilibrium curves for two temperatures and it was observed that increased temperature favored the solubility of the components in the two systems, contributing to formation of a greater region homogeneously. As expected, the system containing ethanol showed a homogeneous region much larger than the system with methanol, since the solubility of the first diesel is increased. Tie-lines were not well represented by the NRTL and UNIQUAC. Density and viscosity data were determined for the pure/pseudo-pures components and pseudo-binary and pseudo-ternary mixtures at several temperatures and compositions, since the knowledge of physical-chemical properties is essential for the formulation of a mixture fuel with characteristics within specifications. Experimental data density and viscosity were adjusted through regression models for determining the behavior as a function of temperature and composition and obtained a maximum standard deviation of 0.0087 and 0.1962, respectively, both for the system of methylic soybean biodiesel + methanol. Density and viscosity showed linear and exponential behavior, respectively, with temperature. As expected, an increase in temperature decrease density and viscosity for all systems studied. Since it is not feasible to obtain experimentally density and viscosity data in all conditions of interest, methods for their prediction are of great practical interest and were used in this work. In addition to obtaining the experimental data of density and viscosity also were realized physics stability tests and flash point for pseudo-ternary mixtures. It was observed that the physics stability has been influenced mainly by the temperature and alcohol content and to blends of alcohol + biodiesel + diesel the flash point is mainly dominated by the alcohol concentration.