Produção de biossurfactantes a partir da glicerina obtida da produção de biodiesel

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Juliana Rabelo de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Engenharia química; Glicerina; Ramnolipídeo
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15776

The aim of this work was analysing the glycerine from castor oil transesterification as a source of carbon and nutrients to P. aeruginosa LAMI. Nutrients concentration and environmental conditions were studied using two complete factorial planning, with cellular growth, biosurfactant production and product surface active properties as response variables. The statistic analysis was done using the software Statistica 6.0. First of all, inoculum size and concentrations of glycerine and NaNO3 were analysed with a 23 factorial planning. The increase in nitrate concentration and a decrease in glycerine concentration favored biosurfactants production, reaching a maximum rhamnose concentration of 1.6 g/L. A complete 24 factorial planning was planned based on these results. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations, pH and temperature were selected factors. Results showed that a decrease in carbon/nitrogen ratio, with an optimum of 12, and phosphate concentration favored rhamnolipid production by P. aeruginosa LAMI at pH 7,0 and 37 ºC. A rhamnose concentration of 2.3 g/l was obtained, with product yields on substrate and biomass of 0.103 and 3.13g/g,respectively. The volumetric productivity was 31.94 mg/L.h. The influence of carbon/nitrogen ration, from 21 to 86, on growth kinetics and biosurfactant production was studied. Biomass and rhamnolipids production behavior suggest a mixed kinetics, semi-associated to growth. The biosurfactant produced using the optimized conditions formed emulsions with kerosene, soybean oil, methyl esters (biodiesel) and naphtenic oil, with emulsification index of about 60%. An emulsification activity of 3.25 units was also obtained, showing that the biosurfactant may be used to forme oil-water emulsions. Finally, the biosurfactant was extracted from a free-cell fermented medium and submited to chromatographic purification. The analytical thin layer chromatography showed the presence of two mainly products. The H1 nuclear magnetic spectra showed characteristic signals of chemical groups that are typical of a dirhamnolipid Rha-Rha-C10C10 molecule. However, a complete explanation of the rhamnolipid structure must be completed by high resolution spectroscopy analysis