Educação infantil no Brasil: oferta, demanda e efeitos sobre a alfabetização

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Sampaio, Maria odalice dos Santos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Educação Infantil; Oferta; Demanda Potencial; Taxa de Atendimento; Taxa de Escolarização Líquida; Nova Semente; Alfabetização
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/63575

There is evidence that quality early childhood education can positively impact the school results of children who attended it, and that, in the long run, interventions carried out in early childhood can act as promoters of economic development and reduce inequalities, affecting employability and wages, for example. Thus, it is extremely important to invest in programs that focus on early childhood and early childhood, especially in emerging and unequal nations, as is the case in Brazil. Therefore, this work initially sought to analyze the supply and demand of Early Childhood Education in Brazil, based on data from the School Census and the SINASC (Information System on Live Births), with the aim, also, to ascertain whether they are in compliance with Goal 1 established by the PNE (National Education Plan), according to which pre-school should be universalized by 2016 for students aged 4 and 5, and daycare teaching to assist 50% of children between 0 to 3 years until the year 2024. The results indicate that the offer of places for Early Childhood Education is below its demand, mainly in relation to daycare centers, considering that, in 2019, about 70% of children aged 0 to 3 years were not enrolled in any teaching stage, and approximately 20% of children aged between 4 and 5 years were outside the Brazilian education system, although pre-school is a mandatory teaching stage, given the approval Constitutional Amendment 59/2009. In order to analyze the effect of Early Childhood Education, it was decided to study an Early Childhood program on the results of literacy, measured by the test score of ANA (National Literacy Assessment). When evaluating the Nova Semente Program, in Petrolina-PE, there was a positive and significant impact of the Program on the Portuguese Language (Reading and Writing) and Mathematics grades of students in the 3rd year of elementary school. Depending on the results, it can be inferred that this work adds evidence to the literature regarding the supply and demand for Early Childhood Education, attendance and net enrollment rates, in addition to the effect of early childhood programs on literacy.