Método multicritério de apoio à decisão e modelo de otimização de rota aplicados à coleta de resíduos sólidos em centros urbanos

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Correia, Valquiria Melo Souza
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Saneamento; Resíduos sólidos - Gestão e administração; Análise multicritério; Multicriteria analysis; Chinese postman problem; Management of solid urban waste; Methodology M-Macbeth
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/39713

Contemporary society is increasingly challenged in the treatment, disposal and proper final disposal of urban solid waste, since these constitute one of the largest and most complex decision-making difficulties. The objective of this research is to diagnose and apply a multicriteria decision support model and to optimize routes to the collection of municipal solid waste in the Municipality of Crato. Twenty-six evaluation criteria were grouped into seven areas of interest: environmental; Social; economic; political / regulatory; planning / institutional; eco-innovation and environmental technologies and support structures. In addition, it was necessary to minimize the distances traveled by the collection truck and the transportation of solid urban waste by those responsible for collecting garbage, which run through the streets (arches) of the Centro district, in the Municipality of Crato / CE, presenting a optimization model for improving the management of solid waste collection and transportation. For the accomplishment of this research, the routes of the conventional trucks were considered, that is realized in alternating days and times of the week, pre-established by the work team. The heuristic process of the case study was developed by the Unmanned Chinese Postman Problem, which has the characteristic of pairing nodes of an undirected graph. As far as methodological procedures are concerned, a case study was carried out in the Municipality of Crato-CE, with some stages, such as: contextualization; characterization, basic information of the Municipality and the characteristics of its urban solid waste stream. Thus, the M-Macbeth multicriteria model denotes feasibility, reapplication and relevance to other institutional, commercial and research qualification evaluations, showing the macrophases of the multicriteria methodology, but without ruling out the opinion of the current decision-makers on the subject. As for the Chinese Postman Problem model, based on the Edmonds (1973) model, it constructs a tree structure, in which the Eulerian circuit is a trivial task, albeit with a different approach from Euler. The result obtained comes from the association of the fieldwork and the model of the CPP, with whose limitation of the number of nodes and edges the model became non-directed. Optimized routes, when compared to those performed, provide a reduction in the total distance traveled by the vehicle, which can lead to significant savings. Thus, it was considered appropriate and efficient the use of the proposed tools to assist in decision making, because their results are accurate and consistent with the situation analyzed in the work.