Avaliação do efeito neuroprotetor do ácido valpróico sozinho ou associado ao lítio em modelo de isquemia global transitória em ratos

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Monalisa Ribeiro
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ácido Valproico; Lítio; Isquemia Encefálica; Fármacos Neuroprotetores; Doenças Neurodegenerativas
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22007

Stroke is a pathological condition resulting from occlusion or rupture of blood vessels precipitating a cascade of events that involve excitotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death. The VA has been presenting neuroprotective effects in animal models and cell of neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke. Thus, we aimed to study the neuroprotective effects associated VA and not to lithium in an experimental model of global cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods: The treatment started 1 hour before the surgery and 7 days with VA (25, 50 and 100 mg / kg / day , V.O.) and VA in the same doses associating to lithium (10 mg / kg, i.p. ). The animals were anesthetized with ketamine (75 mg / kg, i.p.) and xylazine 2 % (10 m / kg, i.p.) and submitted to the global cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion for 30 min. After seven days were performed behavioral tests, open field and water maze. Then, they were euthanized and striatum, cortex and hippocampus were dissected. The striatum was used for the preparation of homogenates for dosage Dopamine and DOPAC HPLC. Homogenates of striatum, hippocampus and cortex were prepared to evaluate the antioxidant activity with malondialdehyde for dosage (MDA) and nitrite. Coronal sections of the brain were used to determine the percentage of the area of cerebral ischemic damage mitochondrial dysfunction (TTC). Hippocampal Slices were separated for immunohistochemistry (iNOS, COX -2, TNF- α, GSK-3 e HDAC). Results: The ischemic damage reduced the locomotor activity of animals and treatment with associated VA and not to lithium reversed this effect; as well as memory space that was recovered after treatment with lithium VA at all the doses used. The lesion in the striatum reflected in a reduction in the levels of monoamines and these values were increased with the use of associated and not to lithium VA. MDA and nitrite levels were significantly increased in striatum, hippocampus and cortex compared with the control group. Treatment with protected VA spline only at the lowest dose 25 mg / kg , but the cortex and hippocampus protection was effective at all doses used. Furthermore, there was a decrease in cells immunostained for iNOS, COX -2, TNF- α, GSK -3 and HDAC the groups treated with associated AV and not to lithium compared to the ischemic group. The VA and not associated with lithium reduced the cerebral infarct area at all doses preventing the animals from neurological deficits after cerebral ischemia. Conclusion: Treatment of animals with VA associated and not to lithium exerted neuroprotective properties against behavioral and cognitive, neurochemical and histological damage in global cerebral ischemia model. However, the combination of VA and lithium show to increase post- ischemic damage therapeutic benefits. Thereby, the possibility arises that co-treatment with lithium and valproic acid can produce stronger or synergistic effects against neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative conditions.