Eficiência do uso de nutrientes em sistemas de aléias na periferia da Amazônia

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Serpa, Sheilla Silva e
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: UEMA; Brasil; Campus São Luis Centro de Ciências Agrárias – CCA; Centro de Ciências Agrárias; PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGROECOLOGIA
• Palavras-chave em Português: Sistema de aléias; Eficiência do uso de nutrientes; Cobertura do solo; Aléias - cultivo; Nutrição vegetal; Agricultura itinerante; Sistema agroflorestal - cultivo em aléias; Cultura do milho - plantio direto; Nutrientes - acumulação - milho; Periferia da Amazônia; Absorção de nutrientes - cultura do milho; Leucena e acacia - tratamento; Solos franco-arenosos - Amazônia; Adubação NK; Alleys - cultivation; Plant nutrition; Alley system; Ground cover; Shifting agriculture; Agroforestry system - alley cultivation; Corn culture - direct planting; Nutrients - accumulation - corn; Periphery of the Amazon; Nutrient absorption - corn cultivation; Leucena and acacia - treatment; Sandy loam soils - Amazon; NK fertilization; Ciências Agrárias
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uema.br/handle/123456789/207

In the SE periphery of Brazilian Amazonia, low-input agriculture systems on sandy loam soils have very low nutrient use efficiency. In a low-input alley cropping system, we measured residue decomposition dynamics and the yield and nutrient uptake of a maize crop associated with the following treatments: Clitoria+Pigeon pea; Acacia+Pigeon pea; Leucaena+Clitoria; Leucaena+Acacia, Leucaena+Pigeon pea and no residue input (control). The acacia treatments provided better soil coverage throughout the whole corn cycle. Potassium was released faster than nitrogen from the residues; N concentration in corn leaves in the residue treatments were below critical levels. The Leucaena+Acacia treatment was the most effective in increasing post-tasseling N and K assimilation and K use efficiency. This resulted in corn productivity 3.5 times greater (7.3 Mg ha-1) than the control without residue application. In the Amazonian sandy loam soils, which are susceptible to hardsetting and nutrient leaching, efficient N and K use should be priorities for soil management. Although no-till alley cropping of leguminous trees constitutes an important option for low-input farming, its efficiency depends on using a mixture of residues that keeps soil covered and have high rates of both N and K release during the entire crop cycle