Estudo da substituição parcial do adsorvente comercial por cinzas de cavaco de madeira no branqueamento do óleo de soja

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Oro, Andréia Cristina Peracchi
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Brasil; Departamento de Engenharia Química; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química; UEM; Maringá, PR; Centro de Ciências Tecnologia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Extração de óleo; Óleo de soja; Processo de destilação; Brasil.; Engenharias; Engenharia Química
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/3752

Biomass represents a significant source of energy in the Brazilian energy matrix. It's increasingly use for burning in cogeneration boilers has increased the generation of the waste of this process, boiler ash, requiring treatment or proper disposal. The bleaching stage of soybean oil is an important step in the refining process. Today, the adsorbents like activated earth/clay are used for color removal. Using boiler ash for bleaching of soybean oil by adsorption of the undesirable components creates the perspective of partial substitution of the commercial adsorbent, reducing the cost of the bleaching step. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the ash from burning wood chips from a boiler in the agroindustrial sector and examine its potential as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of unwanted substances from natural soybean oil, comparing the adsorption power of it with the commercial adsorbent. Both adsorbents (activated clay and wood ash) were characterized and compared in terms of particle size, pH, moisture, surface area, pore volume and diameter, XRD, FTIR and SEM. Wood ash has particle size approximately 6 times bigger than activated clay. The pH obtained from wood ash (13,31) is much higher than the one observed from activated clay (2,30). With regard to surface area, wood ash has 50% of the value obtained from activated clay, while the pore volume and diameter for both adsorbents were very close. XRD peaks and vibrational groups in FTIR analysis showed large differences in the composition of both adsorbents, but both have high silica content. The adsorbent power of red color, chlorophyll, soaps and free fatty acids from the oil were studied for both adsorbents at a concentration of 2% w/w in oil, contact time of 90 min and temperature of 110°C. Activated clay showed removal potential, under those conditions, of 76% for red color, 90% for chlorophyll and 100% for soaps. Wood ash showed removal potential of 28%, 18% and 69% for the same adsorbats. When analyzing separately the results of the potential removal of red color, chlorophyll and soap from oil with wood ash, becomes evident the possibility of partial replacement (blends of activated clay and wood ash) or pre-treatment of the oil with wood ash before the traditional bleaching step. These alternatives make it possible to reduce the specific consumption of the commercial adsorbent and the consequent reduction in the manufacturing cost of refined soybean oil.