O mapeamento dos conflitos socioambientais de Mato Grosso: denunciando injustiças ambientais e anunciando táticas de resistência

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Michelle Tatiane Jaber da
• Orientador(a): Sato, Michele
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Carlos
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais - PPGERN
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ecologia; Conflitos socioambientais; Educação ambiental; Táticas de resistência
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Socio-environmental conflicts; Environmental education; Tactics of resistance; Driving forces
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1780

The State of Mato Grosso-Brazil, locus of this research, is singular from the ecological point of view, encompassing three important biomes: Amazon, Cerrado (Savannah) and Pantanal, and also a peculiar ecosystem called Araguaia. However, in this landscape there is a contrast between the results of the search for economic growth strongly centred on the activities of the agribusiness, of the power plants and other activities that are the driving force of significant socio-environmental conflicts. These conflicts that emerge when at least one of the groups has the continuity of their ways of life threatened by undesirable environmental impacts, due to the action of other groups. The understanding of such a diverse dynamic that is present in this territory is emphasized in this research, since the main aim of this thesis is to map the main social environmental conflicts that are in the 12 planning regions of Mato Grosso, from the narratives of the vulnerable social groups. In this context, we consider that the vulnerable social groups are the most affected by this model and we presuppose that in places where the conflicts are more intense, the tactics of resistance and organized forms are also more expressive. So, in order to investigate such issues, we started in 2008 a research Project Mapping of identities and territories of the State of Mato Grosso , developed by the Environmental Education, Communication and Arts Research Group of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, sponsored by the Mato Grosso State Research Support Foundation. In this project we have promoted two Seminars on Social Mapping, which occurred in the city of Cuiabá-MT, in 2008 and 2010. In each one about 250 people took part in the seminar, representatives of several social groups of the State. To understand this vigorous broth we used a methodological complexity which composes the epistemological contribution provided by the phenomenology, linked to the praxis of the social map and by the axiological values inspired in the cartography of the imaginary. In this way, we presented in this thesis a general view of the socio-environmental conflicts that were mapped, allowing for a picture of the global landscape of MT. Besides, we offered some settings of the local landscape, showing the struggles of some specific social groups, which are: Mata Cavalo Slave`s Descendant Black Community (Quilombo), Pantanal`s Community of São Pedro de Joselândia Community, Xavante People of the Indigenous Land of Marãwaitsédé and Rubbertappers of Guariba & Roosevelt Extractivist Reserve. Subsidized by the use of technologies of the geo-referenced database processing, we presented a spatialization of the Map on the socioenvironmental conflicts of the State of Mato Grosso with 194 points of conflicts identified, places where death threatens and slave work exists. The participant`s narratives point to the understanding that the mapped conflicts are expressions of the development model that leads to the destructions of the ecosystems and the annihilation of singular forms of life. The mapping reveals that the main direct driving forces of the conflicts are: dispute for the land, dispute for water, deforestation, burning and abusive use of agricultural pesticides. Opposite to the striking practices, several tactics of resistance appear, that go from the legal procedures to the most subversive ones. Thus, from an environmental education point of viewthat aims for the social changes with ecological responsibility, we consider that the results shown in this study may become a referential to the researchers, governments and civil society; that when elaborating public policies, they can take into account the socio-environmental conflicts in their decisionmakings, seeking for the participation as one of the driving forces of the conceptual, political and scientific for the world transformation.