Fora dos pobres não há salvação : tópico fundamental de soteriologia cristã em Jon Sobrino

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Zanini, Rogério Luiz
• Orientador(a): Hammes, Erico João
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teologia
• Departamento: Escola de Humanidades
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pobre; Salvação; Jon Sobrino; História; Teologia
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Poor; Salvation; Jon Sobrino; History; Theology
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::TEOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/9352

Following Jon Sobrino's theological itinerary, the theme of the place of the poor in Christian soteriology was discussed. The theme of the poor and of the salvation is the founding nucleus of Christianity. Pope Francis has pointed out that "the whole journey of our redemption is marked by the poor" (EG 197). Therefore, the poor and the salvation are dimensions that are mutually implied, demand from each other and refer to the Christian faith. Nevertheless, despite being a living and fruitful heritage present throughout the history of Christianity, it was above all with the Second Vatican Council (1965) that the concept of salvation and its mediations were renewed. Sobrino's theological study about the place of the poor in Christian salvation was based on three axioms. Overcoming the axiom extra ecclesiam nulla salus, the Council, in its "return to the sources", formulated a new doctrine of salvation. It distinguished the Church and the Kingdom of God, it linked the Plan of Redemption to the Plan of Creation, also integrating the Holy Spirit in the work of redemption. Based on this understanding, Sobrino advanced by sealing the happy axiom: extra mundum nulla salus. In other words, the world is the new place for the mission of the Church. If the world becomes a place of evangelization, theologically, the most relevant question is: what is the place of the poor, of the crucified people in this world? Is Christian salvation possible outside the poor? Seeking to deepen the meaning and the theological relevance of the poor in Christian salvation, Jon Sobrino takes a long step, enunciating and systematizing the soteriological axiom: extra pauperes nulla salus. He cements a counter-cultural thesis from which the scandal emerges, because he relates, even if in an analogical way, the mystery of Christ with the crucified poor. Only in the eyes of faith can one believe that as victims, in carrying the sin of the world, the poor redeem and offer salvation in a society convinced that outside the capitalist system there is no salvation. Methodologically, as in a bibliographical research, the first part (sections 1-2) contextualizes the discussion on the problem of the poor in liberation theology (section 1) and the theme of salvation in its complexity in the Latin American and Caribbean context (section 2). The second part (sections 3-4) is dedicated to the understanding of Jon Sobrino's vital-theological journey (section 3) and the soteriological dimension from the poor (section 4). The third part (sections 5-7) advances in the understanding of the crucified peoples in the relationship with the Servant of Yahweh and Christ (section 5); from this relationship the originality of the concept of salvation is developed (section 6) and some fundamental questions of research are searched for (section 7). From this journey, it is concluded affirming the originality, relevance and pertinence of the axiom outside the poor, there is no salvation in the Christian life and, consequently, in the ecclesial mission.