A utilização de células-tronco mesenquimais adipogênicas e acido hialurônico como composto celular para engenharia tecidual óssea : estudo in vivo

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Boeckel, Daniel Gonçalves
• Orientador(a): Teixeira, Eduardo Rolim
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia
• Departamento: Faculdade de Odontologia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Engenharia Tecidual; Regeneração Óssea; Implantodontia; Células-Tronco Mesenquimais Adiposas; Matrizes; Ácido Hialurônico
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7412

The present research aims to characterize the mesenchymal stem cells of adipose origin (MSCAs) and to evaluate its use on the scaffold of hyaluronic acid (HA) as a cellular compound for bone tissue engineering. Firstly, cell characterization was performed through the collection of epididymal adipose tissue, isolation, culture and in vitro expansion. Through the morphological analysis of MSCAs culture it was possible to confirm elongated fusiform characteristic, centralized nucleus, extensions and adhesion to the plastic bottle. Expansion analysis also demonstrated a high cell proliferative index during the 26 days of in vitro culture. The Flow Cytometry test allowed the identification of the main surface markers that characterize the mesenchymal stem cells (CD29 and CD90) and negative for hematopoietic markers (CD31 and CD45). Moreover, MSCAs when induced to adipogenic and osteogenic media showed plasticity, since they were able to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts respectively. The cell viability test was also performed in vitro, through the M.T.T (mitochondrial activity) of MSCAs on the HA scaffold. Concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 15% were evaluated on the HA scaffold at times of 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results have shown cellular viability above 60% in almost all times and concentrations. Then, 50 critical bone defects were performed in the femoral region with 2 mm in diameter (one defect per femur) in 25 Lewis rats. The grafting treatments were divided as follows: I-negative control / only the defect (C); II-HA Scaffold; III- MSCAs; IV- MSCAs + HA and V- MSCAs previously osteoinduced + HA. After 23 days the rats were euthanized and had 5 femurs used for the microtomographic (μ-CT) and histomorphometric analysis and 5 femurs used for the RT-PCR (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis. The results for the μ-CT tests in the volume of osseous tissue parameter (VOT) and the percentage of osseous tissue (POT) did not present statistical differences among all groups. However, on the osseous contact surface (SCO) and osseous surface density (DSO) parameters, we had groups IV, III and V with higher indexes and differing statistically from the negative control groups I and group II. In histomorphometry we also had groups IV, V and III with greater area of regenerated bone tissue and differing with significance from groups I and II. The results were analyzed statistically by Analysis of Variance one way (ANOVA) and the level of significance was 5% (p <0.05). Regarding RT-PCR, a statistically significant difference was observed only when we evaluated osteonectin (ON) in which group II and V were more expressive in relation to groups III and IV. Regarding osteopontin (OP) and Type I collagen (Col1A), no differences were identified among the treated groups. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and the significance level set was 5% (p <0.05).