Autocontrole e impulsividade: um estudo sobre o efeito da variação simultânea do atraso e da magnitude do reforço e de um marcador temporal em crianças

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Correia, Tatiana Chagas
• Orientador(a): Micheletto, Nilza
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Psicologia Experimental: Análise do Comportamento
• Departamento: Psicologia
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Autocontrole; Impulsividade; Atraso do reforço; Marcador temporal; Autodominio (Psicologia da crianca); Avaliacao de comportamento
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Self-control; Impulsivity; Child; Delay; Magnitude of reinforcement; Time marker
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL
• Link de acesso: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16867

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate whether the presentation of a temporal marker for the period of delay of reinforcement increases the probability of choosing the component related to greater magnitude and greater delay of reinforcement, when it is presented along with a component related to less delay and magnitude. The participants, 9 children aged between 8 and 10 years were exposed to concurrent-chains schedule in the computer. In the original link were scheduled in each component schemes VI10s independent. The first response after a variable interval of 10s produced the beginning of FT (2nd link), with a marker time (clock) with a stimulus not related to changes with passage of time (non-clock) or with blackout. The third link was initiated soon after the end of the delay and gave access to the acquisition of points. Participants were subjected to two conditions for evaluating the sensitivity to differences in magnitude and delay. The first component was programmed to produce a distinct form of greater and lesser delay with equal magnitude and a higher and lower magnitude with equal delay in the second evaluation. In the experimental condition were varied at the same time delay and magnitude of reinforcement. In this condition the least delay and magnitude remained constant (1s and 1 point), while the largest was between 30s, 75s, 120s or 45s, 90s, 135s and the magnitude remained constant (3 points). There were three sequences of values of delay (one with progressive increase of delay), and the same sequence was exposed to three participants. Participants were divided into three groups, with the Group C was exposed to this variation and the screen during the FT off (blackout), the Group A was initially exposed to this variation, the first condition, in the presence of clock and then the second condition in the presence of non-clock during the FT and Group B was exposed to the reverse order of Group A. Every 3 points earned could be exchanged for a free gift. The results indicate that there were high rates of response to selection in the component of larger delay and larger magnitude self-control when the value of the largest delay was 30s or 45s when it was presented in the first condition, but not with higher values as 75s, 120s, 90s and 135s. There were falls in the rate of responses on the component of self-control in the course of experimental sessions and the second presentation of the sequence of values of the delay. This pattern of responses was similar to almost all participants of the three groups. The results are discussed in terms of the number of answers to choose, in the presence of the clock, non-clock or the blackout period in FT, the sequence of delays that participants were exposed and the number of sessions in each condition. There were no relations between the operations performed during the FT - blackout, clock and non-clock and choice of the larger delay and larger magnitude