Prova penal e falsas memórias

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Di Gesu, Cristina Carla
• Orientador(a): Giacomolli, Nereu José
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: DIREITO PROCESSUAL PENAL; PROVA TESTEMUNHAL (DIREITO); MEMÓRIA
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1903

The victim and the witness testimonies recall from the memory a fact occurred in the past, so that the judge may know what they have seen and heard, complying with the cognizance function of the proceeding. Despite being crucial for the criminal proceeding, the testimony is one of the most fragile evidences, since it depends on the remembrance of the facts on the part of the individual that is telling them. Besides it does not express an accurate reality, since the memory does not reconstruct the facts such as they occurred, the mnemonic process provides only an approximate and partial version, and the memory can be subject to contaminations of any kind. The longer the time elapsed between the event and the report, the higher is the possibility of having the details, which are crucial to the criminal evidence, vanish. This occurs because the memory tends, when the Cartesian dualism of the separation between reason and emotion is overcome, to store only the emotion of the event. Furthermore, the contact with other people, the reading of newspapers and the way the individuals are interviewed can influence negatively the victim and the witness perceptions concerning what they actually know. Thus, the production of evidences without technical quality just corroborates the negation of any kind of truth in the proceeding.The reconstruction of the facts is always minimalist and imperfect and the achievement of the psychic apprehension by the judge, in the accusatory criminal proceeding, depends on the best thesis that is presented, either by the accusation or by the defense, that is, on the exploitation of the possibilities, on the release of the procedural charges, towards a favorable decision. In fact, there is not a strong concern by the professionals in charge of the preliminary investigation and of the finding of facts on the psychology of the testimony, mainly concerning pathological cases, which are those that interest us more. A good acquisition and withholding in the memory is not worth if the third moment fails, that is, when the remembrance is recovered through the induction of the victims and witnesses. The fake memories - memory of facts that have never occurred, and the inflation of the imagination based on lived facts - are a present reality in criminal proceedings. It is necessary to know how to deal with this situation, taking appropriate steps that reduce the damages and preventing the pronouncement of thousands of convictions based only on this evidences.