O republicanismo kantiano

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Capitani, Renato
• Orientador(a): Souza, Draiton Gonzaga de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: FILOSOFIA POLÍTICA; KANT, IMMANUEL - CRÍTICA E INTERPRETAÇÃO; ESTADO; AUTONOMIA (FILOSOFIA); DIREITO
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3473

The present dissertation has two central objectives: The first one is to introduce a Kantian solution to the following issues regarding the political philosophy: (a) the issue involving the need of a State and, (b) the issue involving the definition of the best structure of government, i. e., how should a State be organised to apply its innate power. The second objective is to analyse the defence of the ethical concept of autonomy in a Kantian legal-political theory. Based on these objectives, it is necessary to structure the dissertation in 4 (four) chapters. The first delimits the purpose of the study and introduces the reading keys which are underlying to the understanding of the legal-political Kantian thought, i. e., the argumentative outlooks of respublica noumenon (rational level) and of respublica phaenomenon (phaetic/effective level). On the second chapter, “The Rationale of the State”, it is explained the answer of Kant to the problem of the relevance of a State. It is then put forward the Kantian transformation of the traditional concepts of contractualism, i. e., the state of nature and original contract. On the third chapter, “The State of the Reason”, it is introduced the best structure of government, on how power must be exercised. This chapter explores the following subjects: types of sovereignty (Formen der Beherrschung) and types of government (Formen der Regierung), typical republicanism principles, distinction of powers, the definition of sovereignty and representation principles. The forth chapter, “The Republican Citizen”, scrutinises the autonomy under the legal-political views of Kant’s. The examination is held from the perspectives of respublica noumenon and of respublica phaenomenon. Under the first perspective, it is studied Kant’s liberalism, based on the dichotomy between ethics and law. It is demonstrated in this perspective that, despite the laws demand only what is legal, the “legal morality” is the most appropriate possible conduct for a republican citizen. Based on this interpretation lies the understanding of the practical Kantian philosophy in terms of human endeavour, for which both ethics and law are counterparts. On the second perspective, the Kantian veto to the right of resistance is brought to light and its ever-defended emphasis on the need of enlightenment. The second perspective also exploits the last pieces of writing of Kant’s, and it is understood finally that the notion of enlightenment, under a respublica phaenomenon perspective is linked to the “abstract autonomy” supported under a respublica noumenon stance.