Cigarrinhas (hemiptera: auchenorrhyncha) e moscas-das-frutas (diptera: tephritidae) em pomares de Citrus Deliciosa Tenore variedade “montenegrina” sob manejo orgânico no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Gadelha, Yve Eligiêr Alves
• Orientador(a): Carvalho, Gervásio Silva
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: ZOOLOGIA; AGRICULTURA - RIO GRANDE DO SUL; PESTES AGRÍCOLAS - RIO GRANDE DO SUL; ENTOMOLOGIA - CONTROLE; INSETOS - RIO GRANDE DO SUL
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5431

Brazil is one of the largest fruit producers in the world and Rio Grande do Sul is the third largest producer of tangerines, housing the city of Montenegro as the fifth largest in the state. Some species of insects can transmit the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa that causes disease Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC), so this study presents the communities of Cicadellidae, Membracidae and Cercopidae. The last family of insects, in turn, maintain biological associations with ants attendants beneficial to the host plant because the ants protect against external herbivores. In addition, the population fluctuation of the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) was investigated through its relationship with abiotic data. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to study the diversity, identify species potential vectors of X. fastidiosa, investigate the population fluctuation and to know the species membracids to control the action of other harmful herbivores to citrus. The diversity of insects in orchards intercropped and not intercropped with spontaneous vegetation under organic management was compared. We selected four citrus orchards of Citrus deliciosa, two intercropped and two not intercropped orchards with natural vegetation of a private property of that municipality. The capture of specimens was performed biweekly from August 2009 to July 2010, using yellow sticky traps, sweep-network and yellow tray of water.The Shannon diversity index (H’) and Simpson (D), obtained through the program Ecological Methodology, constant rates, collector’s curve and richness estimators (Bootstrap, Chao 2, Jackknife 1 and 2), obtained through the program Past version 2. 09 were used for data analysis. We captured 4. 841 Cicadellidae, distributed in 17 genera and 23 species and 57 Cercopidae, two genera and two species. The months of greater diversity of leafhoppers in both orchards, intercropped and not intercropped were in December 2009 (H’= 2,86; D= 0,78), March (H’= 3,02; D= 0,84) and April 2010 (H’= 3,27; D= 0,87). The leafhoppers Sibovia sagata, Macugonalia cavifrons, M. leucomelas, Hortensia similis, Tapajosa rubromarginata and Oncometopia facialis were considered potential vectors of the pathogen. We captured 1. 200 Membracidae, distributed in three subfamilies, 13 genera and 18 species. Smiliinae had the highest abundance of 751 (62. 58%) and richness, 10 species. The months of greater diversity of treehoppers in intercropped orchards were in August, November 2009 and May 2010, and in not intercropped were in April and May 2010. Cyphonia clavata, Tolania sp. and Micrutalis sp. were considered a constant species.The richness of treehoppers in orchards intercropped was 17 species, eight of them unique, and in not intercropped orchards was 10 species, with only one unique. The collector’s curves and richness estimators for leafhoppers and trehoppers demonstrated that sampling effort was satisfactory, since that were collected around 80% of species expected by indexes. The total number of flies collected was 391, 109 in intercropped orchards and 283 in not intercropped. The peak population of A. fraterculus in intercropped orchards were in September and December 2009, January and May 2010, in not intercropped were September, November and December 2009 and February and May 2010. Regarding temperature, the months of highest occurrence was in December 2009 and May 2010 due to the drier season and the maturity of the fruits of C. deliciosa, respectively.