Nexo de causalidade no direito privado e ambiental

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: Salomon, Fernando Baum
• Orientador(a): Freitas, Juarez
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: DIREITO PRIVADO; RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL; DIREITO AMBIENTAL; NEXO CAUSAL
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2340

The broadest field of civil law and perhaps of the law is civil liability. lt, with its basic presuppositions, the agent, damage and a causal nexus between them, keeps pace with the evolution and the complexity of the facts created by the human mind. New technologies, means of communication, and other countless situations are demanding answers from society. The preoccupation of the doctrine that treated civil liability emphasized the analysis of the damage and its agent, without giving the same treatment to causal nexus. It was not only the doctrine that treated it in a disdainful way, that is, legislation and especially the Civil Code — Law n. 10,406/2002, dedicated only one article to it indicating the methodology to be used to assess the causal phenomenon. Even peripheral legislation, which also attempt to establish liability, modify the methodology, or even dispose of causal nexus. lt can be assumed that such phenomenon arises from the lack of a minimal unity of thought about this presupposition when treated by philosophy, which generates reflexes on the different conceptions of private law. The autonomic conception, of the economic analysis of the law, the Aristotelic Thomist conception and the constitutionalization of private law, share few characteristics or intersections, which leads us from a smaller to a larger interference of the state on private relations. Another instance to be taken into account is that the theme of causal nexus was the object of a dispute in penal law, which has exerted a great influence for a long time on civil liability, which still takes place. The same distinction of ideas and foundations are found in the studies of scientists linked to the natural sciences. The causal nexus, therefore, is the reason of different interpretations and theories that complicate a safe approach about the theme in the light of private law. Jurisprudence has faced the theme in a chaotic way, mixing formulations about causal nexus which are either inside or outside the national legal system, generating instability and heterogeneity. Moreover, there is another important issue to be highlighted that shall implicate greatly on the analysis of concrete cases. We not live in an era of logical pragmatics deprived of values anymore. The interpretation of the law in accordance to the constitutional canons, balancing values that interact with the aim of being applied based on ordinance, lead us to a reasonable rationality that can give a broader or narrower sense to the concept of causal nexus. Thus, facing the issue of causal nexus in face of several kinds of damage and agents that are present in our society, analyzing its theories and interpretations arising from the natural sciences and philosophy and fitting it into a conception of private law are the aims that this study intends to accomplish.