A grande imprensa "liberal" da Capital Federal (RJ) e a política econômica do segundo governo Vargas (1951-1954): conflito entre projetos de desenvolvimento nacional

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Martins, Luis Carlos dos Passos
• Orientador(a): Silveira, Helder Gordim da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: RIO GRANDE DO SUL - HISTÓRIA - GOVERNO GETÚLIO VARGAS; IMPRENSA - RIO GRANDE DO SUL; LIBERALISMO
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3797

The positioning theme of Rio de Janeiro’s and Brazilian great press is one of the most discussed by the specialized historiography in the study of this period. To this press is assigned a central role in the generation and handling of the crisis that caused the premature termination of Getúlio’s mandate, with his suicide in 1954. Among the interpretations that seek to explain this position of the major journals, is the thesis that it was caused by incompatible differences between the economic project carried forward by the President on his return to Catete and the one defended by the newspapers. While Getulio's program would be nationalist, favorable to the autonomous development of the Brazilian economy, anti-imperialist and, for some, even “popular", the great press would be liberal, and thus advocated minimal government intervention in the economy and maximum freedom to the flow of capital and goods in the country. Because of that, it was a defender or even loyal ally of foreign capital, of the trade importer, and in some cases, the industrial bourgeoisie, partisan of an associated capitalism. However, despite the wide diffusion of this interpretation, there are no specific studies on the subject, which leaves a gap for those wishing to use it. In addition, Vargas Second Government is considered by most experts in Economic History, as the beginning, in the country, of the development and implementation of an accelerated industrialization project, which had in the Brazilian industrial bourgeoisie its main social support. However, although they emphasize that this project implied a strong interference in the economy by the Government and sought to direct the application of foreign investments in the country, these authors contest that it as hostile to foreign capital or anti-imperialist, as it counted with the participation ofthis capital and U. S. help to develop.For these researchers, Vargas Second Government corresponded to the beginning of the national-development project that became hegemonic in the period and was the base of the great Brazilian development in coming years. Thus, if we accept the hypothesis that the great press opposed Vargas Second Government because of his economic program, we would also accept that it was also contrary to the national development and the interests of the Brazilian industrial bourgeoisie that sustained it. The objective of this thesis is to discuss these two issues, in other words, examine the positioning of Rio de Janeiro's great press, considered liberal before Getúlios economic program and the national-development project that it was based. Indeed, we find quite acceptable to challenge these two points: that differences between the economic projects have been the basis for opposition to the government of the major newspapers and these newspapers have actually defended a liberal or neoliberal programmatic line. To this end, we have selected the four major journals in Rio de Janeiro, generally regarded or self identified as liberals and neoliberals: O Globo, O Jornal, Correio da Manhã e Jornal do Brasil. Based on the analysis of these journals, we intend to defend: on one hand, that there was more approximation than detachment between the bases of the government’s economic program and touted by this portion of the press; and on the other hand, that it held a development project that cannot be properly considered liberal. Instead, most of the periodicals in question were or have been incorporating many elements of the development thinking and from the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), helping in the dissemination and legitimization of the public debate on Brazilian development in the period against their own canons of liberalism and neoliberalism.