A fundamentação da moral no limite da razão em Kant

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Dejeanne, Solange de Moraes
• Orientador(a): Hamm, Christian
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: FILOSOFIA ALEMÃ; KANT, IMMANUEL - CRÍTICA E INTERPRETAÇÃO; RAZÃO (FILOSOFIA)
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3401

The thesis of the foundation of morality at the “boundaries of reason” in Kant is essentially grounded upon three principles: initially, the conception of noumena as a limit-concept and its respective determination of reason’s boundaries through the speculative-regulatory use of transcendental ideas; secondly, the defense of practical freedom; and, finally, Kant’s doctrine of the Fact of Reason. In order to develop argumentation which supports such thesis it is examined concepts presented throughout the critical thinking which apparently do not undergo any criticism, but which, according to Kant, constitute the own “nature” of the human reason, such as “necessity” and “interest” of reason. It is defended the integration of these “dynamic” elements of reason in the discussion of central arguments of the Kant thinking not only to contribute to a better understanding of the Kant proposal of a rational foundation of morality, but also sets a “good term” concerning the “unity of reason”, having in mind that a moral principle demands such unity. It is emphasized Kant’s view according to which the determination of knowledge limits can only be grasped by something external to the very field of possible experience, that is, by transcendental ideas, necessary ideas of reason, and that in the determination of the limits of knowledge reason “sees around itself” an “empty space” in which “the moral ideas find a place out of the speculating field”.This “empty space” is examined, it is the only place where the moral ideas can occupy, that shows itself as a factor responsible not only for the “fragility” but also for the strength of Kant’s view in favor of a pure practical principle, and, specially, for the coherence of the entirety of Kant’s thinking. The fragility of moral arguments is shown as Kant has to justify a principle without any external resource to the very principle, and the strength of these very arguments is manifest in the fact that they are constituted in such a way as to “show” morality in its “essence”.