Federalismo fiscal no Brasil: a realidade do federalismo competitivo e a busca da cooperação e do equilíbrio

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: Cunha, Fabiana Azevedo da
• Orientador(a): Silveira, Paulo Antônio Caliendo Velloso da
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: DIREITO TRIBUTÁRIO; DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL; FEDERALISMO; FINANÇAS PÚBLICAS; TRIBUTAÇÃO; INCENTIVOS FISCAIS - BRASIL; IMPOSTOS - BRASIL
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2457

The analysis of the Federal State, its main characteristics, and the examination of the types of federation in which there is a prominence of cooperative mechanisms, as the one in effect in Germany, and of preservation of broad autonomy to the States with emphasis on the benefits of the existence of a healthy competition among them, as the model followed in the United States, is the object of the first part of this study. The initial step of the development of the ideas in this thesis also involves the verification of the origins of the Brazilian Federal State, its peculiar aspects, emphasizing the study of the distinctive features of fiscal federalism in Brazil, highlighting its constitutional matrix and its effectiveness. Once those premises are established, the study focuses on the analysis of the benefits developed by the economic theory for the adoption of the decentralization of income and expenses, as well as examining the Brazilian tax federalism in its current arrangement, established according to the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. Afterwards, the study deals with the verification of the breadth of protection of the federative principle set forth in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, which contains the constitutional rules that shape it, as the ones that assure a broad system of transference of resources, thus cooperative in nature, aiming to overcome the regional imbalances, as well as the ones that preserve the financial autonomy of the states through the assignment of their own revenues. It will also be examined the federative practice adopted by the states, characterized by tax competition which is harmful not only horizontally but also vertically, with emphasis in the prejudicial dispute for revenues which happens among the states and between them and the federal government, in violation of the Brazilian Constitution. Once the study establishes that federative practice is drifting apart from the constitutional normative system, the final analysis will focus on the study of the role of the Brazilian Supreme Court in adjudicating disputes between states and its indispensable mission in conducting the federative balance, specially the one related to the enforcement of the Constitution through adjudication, aiming to keep the federative principle immaculate, even from Constitutional Amendments aiming to diminish it, in accordance to what was set forth in 1988 Brazilian Constitution.