Processo alternativo de catch-up em indústrias intensivas em recursos naturais: uma análise empírica da trajetória tecnológica da indústria de bioetanol de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Gonzalez, Rafael Kuramoto
• Orientador(a): Figueiredo, Paulo N.
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Aprendizagem tecnológica; Bioetanol; Empresa latecomer; Trajetória tecnológica; Brasil; Capacidade tecnológica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Technological capability; Technological learning; Bioethanol; Latecomer firm; Technological trajectory; Catch-up; Path creation; Brazil
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16207

This thesis concerns about the technological development and innovation in natural resources’ intensive industries in the context of emerging economies. The thesis explores how the accumulation of technological capabilities and the learning mechanisms influenced the technological trajectory in the sugarcane bioethanol industry in Brazil, during the period from mid-1970 to 2014. Much progress has been made in understanding the technological catch-up process of firms and industries in emerging economies. However, these studies often explore the process of technological catch-up related to technological trajectories already mapped by world leaders in manufacturing and processing industries. Part of this studies ignore that the development of industrial activities could occur in natural resources’ intensive industries. In addition, between academic researchers and policy makers, natural resources’ intensive industries are encapsulated as commodities and low-tech, characterized by a limited opportunity for technological learning and accumulation of technological capabilities. However, the process of industrialization in natural resources’ intensive industries in regions such as Latin America is poorly understood and there are scarce research investigating the process of technological catch-up systematically in industrial level, with rare exceptions. Based on evidence from sugarcane bioethanol industry in Brazil, this research explores a process of technological catch-up that has received little attention in the literature. To examine this issue, this research adopts a qualitative design based on a case study strategy at industry level, with extensive fieldwork and collection of firsthand empirical evidence with long-term coverage on 20 organizations. This research found that: (1) The technological trajectory’s evolution of sugarcane bioethanol industry in Brazil was characterized by the opening of a different direction from that mapped by existing technology leaders. This qualitative shift process of the dominant technological trajectory started during the early stages of technology development. So, the industry went through a trajectory of early entry in path-creating; (2) The evolution of this technological trajectory did not happen in a homogeneous way. Were found three relatively distinct patterns of accumulation of technological capabilities for specific technological functions (or areas): feedstock, agricultural processes and industrial processes. In feedstock and industrial processes technological functions there an accumulation of technological capabilities of global leadership, while in the agricultural processes technological function the accumulation of technological capabilities has not evolved beyond the intermediate level; (3) These capabilities were accumulated in a disperse way among industry’s actors (producer firms, research institutes, universities, suppliers, biotechnology companies and etc.) and made possible the opening of exploration of new businesses, albeit modestly exploited; (4) The subtle heterogeneity found in the patterns of technological capabilities accumulation was influenced by a combination of technological learning processes used by the industry over time. Finally, the research also found that this technological trajectory contributed to generate significant implications and was also influenced by other factors. Nevertheless, these results deserve more systematic research effort. Therefore, this research concludes that relevant technological positions, especially for industries from emerging economies, can be achieved through technological trajectories that are not based necessarily on dominant technologies, already exploited by world leaders in advanced economies. Thus, alternative processes of catch-up may be highly relevant for obtaining industrial progress. Furthermore, the research concludes that natural resources’ intensive industries offer opportunities for significant innovations and can be protagonists in this alternative catch-up process, particularly in the context of countries with abundance of natural resources. Therefore, this research contributes to generate new evidence and explanations that help us expand the notion of alternatives to the industrial and economic development in the context of emerging economies. In the debate on industrial and economic development, alternative technological trajectories, as well as intensive industries in natural resources, should receive special attention by public policy makers and business actions.