Caracterização de fatores de risco para infarto agudo do miocárdio em pacientes internados no interior do Estado de São Paulo: subsídios para estratégia de promoção da saúde

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Rui Pereira Caparelli de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade de Franca; Brasil; Pós-Graduação; Programa de Mestrado em Promoção de Saúde; UNIFRAN
• Palavras-chave em Português: Promoção de saúde - Cardiologia; Doenças cardiovasculares; Fatores de risco; Infarto agudo do miocárdio; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/2316

Introduction: In recent decades, Cardiovascular Diseases are responsible for about 30% of the causes of death worldwide. Controlling this impact and risk factors for the development of these diseases is still a challenge for the scientific community. Objective: To assess the prevalence and relationship with mortality of the main cardiovascular risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics in patients hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and, subsequently, establish a proposal for a Health Promotion strategy. Methodological Procedure: Analytical study , observational and cross-sectional carried out through 675 electronic medical records of patients admitted to the Coronary Unit of the Hospital do Coração de Franca between July 2017 and June 2019. Data were collected through a script prepared by the authors, considering personal information, factors of cardiovascular risk and social conditions. For the statistical analysis, the calculation of the prevalence and the odds ratio (OR) and/or the chi-square test were used for the relationship of the variables with mortality. Results: The patients were on average 63.37 years old (SD: 11.91), and the prevalence of the main risk factors was: age over 50 years (88.5%), systemic arterial hypertension (75.6%) , male (63.3%), obesity (49.2%), smoking (39.5%), Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (34.1%), dyslipidemia (31.4%) and alcoholism (20.7 %). Most had primary level education (5.3% illiterate and 43.1% primary level). Among the factors related to hospitalization, 52.3% of patients had AMI with ST-segment elevation, 31.4% had less than 12 hours of evolution when hospitalized and 32.6% had complications such as renal failure, cardiac arrest on admission or shock cardiogenic during. Overall mortality was 8.7% and was more related to age, with the average age of those who died of 70.03 in relation to those who were not 62.74 years old (p<0.001), presence of systemic arterial hypertension (OR 2.181: 95% CI 1.013-4.696: p=0.042), female sex (OR 0.391; 95% CI 0.228-0.673; p<0.001), widowed marital status (X²=13.677; df=4; p =0.008), retired (X²=13.893; df=3: p=0.003) diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST-segment elevation (OR 0.491; 95% CI 0.278-0.866; p=0.013) and the presence of complications ( X²=223,594; df=7; p<0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest a higher prevalence, in relation to the general population, of the main risk factors, especially arterial hypertension, which was related to mortality. The main sociodemographic factors found were: married patients, with low education, white ethnicity, male, retired and from the north of the city, with only females, loss of spouse and retirees being associated with increased mortality . The proposal of a health promotion strategy aimed at this population through the stratification of education levels is urgently needed to reduce the impact of Cardiovascular Diseases on these individuals. Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Health Promotion.