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A história da Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, RS (1945-2020)

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Vian, Cristian
Publication Date: 2025
Format: Master thesis
Language: por
Source: Repositório Institucional da UPF
Download full: https://repositorio.upf.br/handle/123456789/9833
Summary: This dissertation studies the history of the São Francisco de Paula National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit located in the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Its objective is to understand the changes in its function, as well as its cultural and landscape transformations, since its constitution in 1945 until 2020. The question that expresses the problem of this research is: how and for what reasons did a forest park, which was planned for the production of woody material for economic purposes, change its function and become a conservation unit? To develop it, the methodological approach proposed by Environmental History was used. The sources used are multiple, oral reports, periodicals, management plans, yearbooks, cash books, official documents, telegrams and iconography. It analyzes part of the colonization process of the Campos de Cima da Serra region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the 19th and 20th centuries, which caused the socioeconomic and landscape transformation of that space. It discusses how the large amount of timber in the forests of the Rio Grande do Sul Plateau attracted immigrants who sought wealth in the extraction and processing of this raw material. It discusses how the use of these forests led some of their main species, such as Araucaria angustifolia, to the brink of extinction. It investigates the role of the National Pine Institute (INP), a parastatal agency responsible for promoting afforestation and rationalizing forest resources, which sought to prevent the depletion of forests and curb the waste of raw materials in the 1940s. The INP established forest parks in strategic locations in the endemic zone of the Araucaria Forest, to reforest, research and study timber species. The Morrinhos Forestry Station, located in the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, was the first of three parks created by the autarchy in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in 1945. In 1948 it was renamed Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil Forestry Park and at the end of the 1960s, in compliance with current legislation, it received the designation of São Francisco de Paula National Forest. It also analyzes the administrative changes that followed the extinction of the National Pine Institute, passing through the Brazilian Institute for Forest Development (IBDF), the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), up to the current management by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), starting in 2007. It also discusses the 2020 Management Plan and the process of granting the public use area of the conservation unit for the economic exploitation of tourism, when other guidelines were established for that unit. It concludes that the São Francisco de Paula National Forest fulfilled its original purpose: a laboratory for research and management of timber species, both native and exotic. Over time, seedling and timber production ceased to be the primary focus, and other functions, such as scientific research and biodiversity conservation, gained importance.
Summary:This dissertation studies the history of the São Francisco de Paula National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit located in the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Its objective is to understand the changes in its function, as well as its cultural and landscape transformations, since its constitution in 1945 until 2020. The question that expresses the problem of this research is: how and for what reasons did a forest park, which was planned for the production of woody material for economic purposes, change its function and become a conservation unit? To develop it, the methodological approach proposed by Environmental History was used. The sources used are multiple, oral reports, periodicals, management plans, yearbooks, cash books, official documents, telegrams and iconography. It analyzes part of the colonization process of the Campos de Cima da Serra region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the 19th and 20th centuries, which caused the socioeconomic and landscape transformation of that space. It discusses how the large amount of timber in the forests of the Rio Grande do Sul Plateau attracted immigrants who sought wealth in the extraction and processing of this raw material. It discusses how the use of these forests led some of their main species, such as Araucaria angustifolia, to the brink of extinction. It investigates the role of the National Pine Institute (INP), a parastatal agency responsible for promoting afforestation and rationalizing forest resources, which sought to prevent the depletion of forests and curb the waste of raw materials in the 1940s. The INP established forest parks in strategic locations in the endemic zone of the Araucaria Forest, to reforest, research and study timber species. The Morrinhos Forestry Station, located in the municipality of São Francisco de Paula, was the first of three parks created by the autarchy in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in 1945. In 1948 it was renamed Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil Forestry Park and at the end of the 1960s, in compliance with current legislation, it received the designation of São Francisco de Paula National Forest. It also analyzes the administrative changes that followed the extinction of the National Pine Institute, passing through the Brazilian Institute for Forest Development (IBDF), the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), up to the current management by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), starting in 2007. It also discusses the 2020 Management Plan and the process of granting the public use area of the conservation unit for the economic exploitation of tourism, when other guidelines were established for that unit. It concludes that the São Francisco de Paula National Forest fulfilled its original purpose: a laboratory for research and management of timber species, both native and exotic. Over time, seedling and timber production ceased to be the primary focus, and other functions, such as scientific research and biodiversity conservation, gained importance.

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