Remoção de matéria orgänica, nutrientes e antibióticos em esgotos domésticos por wetlands construídas de fluxo vertical

• Main Author: Marchesi, Matheus Della Tonia
• Publication Date: 2020
• Format: Master thesis
• Language: por
• Source: Repositório Institucional da UTFPR (da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (RIUT))
• Download full: http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/5396
• topic: Poluentes; Ciprofloxacina; Águas residuais - Aspectos ambientais; Pollutants; Ciprofloxacin; Sewage - Environmental aspects; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA; Engenharia/Tecnologia/Gestão

The high use of antibiotics has raised global concerns, mainly due to the recurrence and adverse effects of these pollutants in the environment. Constructed wetlands (WCs) are ecotechnologies suitable for decentralized treatment of domestic sewage, the vertical flow model with partially saturated bed (WCFV-LS) has been presented as a promising method to intensify the removal of pollutants from these sewers, mainly for organic matter and nitrogen. Despite this, little is known about antibiotic removal in WCs. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of removing organic matter (COD), total Kjeldal nitrogen (NTK), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+), total phosphorus (PT) and the antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from synthetic domestic sewage by three WCFV on a pilot scale, with and without partial bed saturation. The experiment was conducted in two stages, in the first one the bads was 50% saturated(0.4m) while different pollutant loads were applied. In the second stage, the beds were 0,25 and 50% saturated while providing the same hydraulic and pollutant loads, in addition, 200 μg·L-1of CIP and SMX were included to the effluents. The WCFV-LS model with 25% saturation showed promising results, with removal rates greater than 90, 85, 85 and 65% for COD, NTK, NH4+and PT respectively, while WCFV (without saturation) showed better PT removal rates (> 75%). CIP and SMX removal rates wore higher than 80 and 65% respectively. In addition, a practical method for simultaneous extraction, detection and quantification of CIP and SMX was established using the QuEChERS method followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry with fluorescence detection. The limits of detection and quantification obtained were 0.008 and 0.010 mg·L-1for CIP and 0.030 and 0.040 mg·L-1for SMX. From the results obtained in this experiment, can be recommended the WCFV-LS with 25% saturation for polishing domestic sewage with loads of 100 mm·d-1, 40 gDQO·m-2·d-1, 5.5 gNTK·m-2·d-1, 5.0 gNH4+·m-2·d-1e 0.55 gPT·m-2·d-1. Despite this, it is still necessary to investigate those evidence under real operating conditions, as well as to elucidate the possible impacts related to the recurrence of antibiotics in domestic sewers and the polishing of these sewers by WCs, which includes the possibility of incidence of bacterial resistance and dispersion of metabolites and by-products of these pollutants in the natural environment.