Metazoários parasitos de Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) provenientes do rio Batalha, Estado de São Paulo: ecologia e uso como indicadores de poluição aquática

• Main Author: Leite, Lucas Aparecido Rosa
• Publication Date: 2017
• Format: Master thesis
• Language: por
• Source: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USC
• Download full: http://tede2.usc.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/341
• topic: Biodiversidade de parasitos; Prochilodus lineatus; Relação parasitohospedeiro; Bioacumulação; Metais pesados; Parasites biodiversity; Prochilodus lineatus; Host-parasite relationship; Bioaccumulation; Heavy metals; CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA

In recent decades, much has been questioned about the negative interferences caused by human activities on the aquatic environment, which lead to the loss of environmental quality and difficult the maintenance of biotic and abiotic integrity of these ecosystems. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the structure and composition of the parasitic fauna of Prochilodus lineatus collected from two stretches of the Batalha River and evaluate the role of fish and its intestinal parasite Neoechinorhynchus curemai as water pollution indicators by Electronic Spin Resonance (ESR) and heavy metal accumulation using ICP-OES analysis. A total of 50 specimens of P. lineatus were collected and analyzed. Of these 43 hosts they were collected 875 specimens of parasites, divided into 30 species, belonging to seven groups: Myxozoa, Monogenea, Digenea, Acanthocephala, Nematoda, Copepoda and Hirudinea. In addition to new records to the location with parasites already observed parasitizing P. lineatus previously, a new occurrence of 13 species parasitizing this fish, including the registration of a new species of monogenetic (Tereancistrum sp. n.). This expands the geographic distribution of parasites species and helps to increasing the knowledge about the biodiversity of these organisms in different hosts and environments. For the ESR analysis, tissue samples (intestine, liver and muscle) of 19 specimens of P. lineatus and parasite N. curemai addition of water and also the sediment from the Batalha River, municipality of Reginópolis-SP, were analyzed. The spectral analysis of samples showed the presence of three metals (Cu, Fe and Mn) in addition to nitric oxide (NO) and humic acid (HA). The quantification of the elements in the samples was possible only for Cu detected on the spectrum of parasites, which was equivalent to 2.03 ppm. Overall, the ESR proved to be efficient in the detection of transition metal ions (manganese, iron and copper) in addition to nitric oxide and humic acid. However, the low concentration in other tissues made it impossible to determine the concentration of these compounds in the respective spectrum of P. lineatus tissues and in samples of water and sediment collected, also making it impossible to establish comparisons in the host-parasite system, which could facilitate the interpretation of the data and better define the role of parasites and hosts as accumulators and indicators of pollution, as well as to better characterize the environmental impacts on the stretch of the Batalha River in question. For ICP-OES analysis, were used 10 specimens of P. lineatus from DAE water catchment lagoon, in the Batalha River, municipality of Piratininga-SP. Twelve elements (Al As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo e Pb) were detected in both N. curemai specimens and host tissues (muscle, liver and intestine). Of these, nine elements were found in statistically higher concentrations (teste t ≤ 0,05) in the parasites compared to the P. lineatus tissues. Some elements (e.g. Ba and Cu) were up to 60 times higher in parasites. These results suggest that, like other acanthocephala species, N. curemai is also a good indicator of metal accumulation and a good tool for detection of aquatic pollution. In addition, the results obtained helps to increase the knowledge about accumulation patterns in acanthocephalans, including a new species in the list of parasites already used for this purpose, contributing to the expansion of this theme in South America, that is a region still little studied