Origens dos cromossomos B em espécies de Characidium (Characiformes, Crenuchidae) baseada em pintura cromossômica, sequências de rDNA e histonas

• Main Author: Serrano, Érica Alves [UNESP]
• Publication Date: 2013
• Format: Master thesis
• Language: por
• Source: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Download full: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108513
• topic: Peixe - Genetica; Citogenética animal; Cromossomos; DNA; Genetica animal; Melhoramento genetico; Animal genetics

B or supernumerary chromosomes are extra elements to the standard set A and are present in several groups of eukaryotes, such as plants, fungi and animals. They may have different origins, including derivation of autosomal or sex chromosomes and even by interspecific crosses, which make them as an interesting model for genetic and evolutionary studies. The advent of chromosome microdissection technique, a method that allows the direct isolation of DNA from any region cytogenetically recognized, has provided new information on the structure and composition of these genomic elements in a significant number of organisms. In this sense, the present work was developed aiming to analyze the B chromosomes present in three fish species of the genus Characidium through classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques involving microdissection of B and sex chromosomes associated with the FISH technique, as well as fluorescent in situ hybridization of 18S and 5S ribosomal DNAs and genes for the H3 and H4 histones. Additionally, these repetitive DNA sequences were amplified, cloned and sequenced from genomic DNA of individuals without B chromosomes and from B chromosomes DNA microdissected. The results obtained by chromosome painting confirmed that the ZW sex chromosomes have a single origin in this group, while the B chromosomes have two types of origin. In C. gomesi and C. pterostictum, B chromosomes apparently exhibit an intraspecific origin, related to sex chromosomes, but, considering the placement of these species in the phylogeny established, in independent events. Moreover, in C. oiticicai these elements might have had an interspecific origin, possibly related to some sort of hybridization by introgression. The presence of histone sequences and 5S rDNA in B chromosomes evidenced by physical mapping and PCR amplification, as well as low genetic divergence, indicate a common ancestry between sequences present in B chromosomes of C. gomesi ...