Precarização e sofrimento no trabalho : o caso dos motoristas de aplicativos

• Main Author: Reis, Igor Macedo
• Publication Date: 2022
• Format: Doctoral thesis
• Language: por
• Source: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Download full: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/16921
• topic: Sociologia do trabalho; Emprego precário; Sociologia clínica; Motoristas; Aplicativos móveis; Precarização; Subjetividade; Sofrimento psíquico; Motoristas de aplicativos; Sociology of work; Clinical sociology; Precarization; Subjectivity; Suffering; Sociologie du travail; Sociologie clinique; Précarisation; Subjectivité; Souffrance; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::SOCIOLOGIA

This thesis aims at an analysis of labor relations that goes beyond the limits of only economic approaches, seeking to encompass also the subjective dimension of the subject that works. To this end, we take app drivers as an empirical model, considering that the precarization experienced by this sector of the service economy points to a form of self-control that drives them to increasingly act as if they were responsible agents for their own life situations. In this case, we show how neoliberalism and its heralds of self-entrepreneurship are the heuristic key to understanding contemporary subjectivity in the world of labor. We used as methodology the narrative of the lives of travel app workers, with the purpose of apprehending not only their experiences at work, but also their individual trajectories, which somehow led them to join the ranks of one of the most precarious service sectors, both economically, with the financial uncertainties caused by the lack of legal guarantees, such as the lack of right to a work card and the advantages arising from it; and emotionally, because it is a sector that requires a high degree of subjective engagement. We tried to establish a dialogue between Clinical Sociology and Sociology of Work that made it possible to enter the object in its structural forms, but without losing sight of the subject in its connections inside and outside work, exposing its existential anguishes and, consequently, evidencing the unequivocal character of the production of suffering through work. This conclusion was possible through the following path based on three chapters: in the first, entitled "Labor in Brazil, the emergence of new technologies and the "sharing economy": neoliberalism as a manager of workers' subjectivities," I present a brief historical contextualization of labor in Brazil, as well as also show the emergence of new technologies and their influences on the metamorphoses of the labor sphere, analyzing how these changes fed back into the new management model of capital - neoliberalism - and how it works in relation to ways of controlling labor and developing new ideological mechanisms of domination over workers; in the second, entitled "The dominant structural problematics in the Sociology of Work in Brazil: From criticism to dialogue with the perspectives of labor precarization also through subjectivity", the goal is to problematize the various themes addressed by the Sociology of Labor, pointing out the main theories that have contributed around the debates about the world of labor in Brazil. Thus, we intend to highlight the need for renewed research on labor in Brazil, which also takes into account the connection with social actors, especially the constructions of their subjectivities. In the last chapter entitled "The work of the drivers of travel apps from their life stories: psychological suffering as a sociological basis" we show the narrative of the lives of four drivers of apps in order to analyze their experiences and point out the consequences of this work in the construction of their subjectivities.