Discriminação genética de espécies de Pfaffia spp. (Ginseng brasileiro) usando código de barras de DNA

• Main Author: Fialho, Verônica Luiza Silveira
• Publication Date: 2017
• Format: Master thesis
• Language: por
• Source: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Download full: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7092
• topic: Medicinal plant; DNA barcoding; Planta medicinal; Ginseng; Pfaffia; Biotecnologia; 61

Plants of Pfaffia spp. species are widely used in national territory and are popularly known as Ginseng-Brazilian. The best-known species are Pfaffia glomerata and Pfaffia paniculata. There are indications of use as tonic and general invigorating, in the treatment of physical fatigue, mental exhaustion, lack of memory, as an aid in the treatment of circulatory disorders, among others. Although the two species are used for the same purposes, it must be considered that the chemical difference between them may interfere with the spectra of pharmacological and toxicological actions. The morphological identification of the roots is difficult task, mainly due to its commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new methodologies for the identification of commercialized species. The main objective of this work was to identify, at species level, Ginseng-Brazilian samples sold in the Brazilian market, using the DNA barcode. DNA from 60 commercial samples was extracted and the matK and rbcL genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced. In addition, reference samples, morphologically identified, of the two species were used for comparison and submitted to the same protocol. Subsequently, the samples were compared with reference samples and with the BOLD (Barcode of Life Data Systems) database. Among the reference samples, 90% amplified for both matK and rbcL genes. Commercial samples obtained a 95% amplification rate for both genes. All samples were sequenced. An interspecific difference was found between P. glomerata and P. paniculata of 1.92% for matK and 1.90% for rbcL. No intraspecific variation was found. Of the 58 samples evaluated, 67.24% were identified, being 61.54% P. glomerata and 38.46% P. paniculata. The remainder, 32.76% were not identified according to the label, characterizingadulteration. Of these, 22.41% were not identified and 10.34% presented species substitution. The method of identification by DNA bacode allowed the identification, at species level, of samples commercialized as Brazilian Ginseng obtained from the Brazilian market, such as P. glomerata and P. paniculata.