Markers of increased cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women: focus on oxidized-LDL and HDL subpopulations

• Main Author: Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa
• Publication Date: 2013
• Other Authors: Sereno, José, Lemos, Edite Teixeira de, Ribeiro, Sandra, Rocha-Pereira, Petronila, Cotterill, Ethan, Teixeira, Frederico, Reis, Flávio
• Format: Article
• Language: eng
• Source: Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP)
• Download full: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/109731; https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/724706
• topic: Adult; Aged; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Risk Factors; Young Adult

To evaluate the effect of gender and menopause in cardiovascular risk (CVR) in a healthy population based on both classical and nontraditional markers. Methods. 56 men and 68 women (48 pre- and 20 postmenopause) were enrolled in the study. The following markers were analyzed: blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol (total-c), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL), HDL-c and subpopulations, paraoxonase-1 activity, hsCRP, uric acid, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), adiponectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM1). Results. Relative to the women, men present significantly increased BMI,WC, BP, glucose, total-c, TGs, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, uric acid, and TNF- and reduced adiponectin and total and large HDL-c. The protective profile of women is lost after menopause with a significantly increased BMI, WC, BP, glucose, LDL-c, Ox- LDL, hsCRP, and VEGF and decreased total and large HDL-c. Significant correlations were found in women population and in postmenopausal women between Ox-LDL and total, large, and small HDL-c and between TNF- and total, large, and small HDLc, LDL-c, and Ox-LDL. Conclusions. Men present higher CVR than women who lost protection after menopause, evidenced by nontraditional markers, including Ox-LDL and HDL subpopulations.