Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

• Main Author: Momtazmanesh, Sara
• Publication Date: 2023
• Other Authors: Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Rad, Elaheh Malakan, Rezaei, Negar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Aali, Amirali, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Md Abdullah, Abu Yousuf, Abedi, Aidin, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abrehdari-Tafreshi, Zahra, Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Adane Adane, Denberu Eshetie, Adane, Tigist Demssew, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adnan, Mohammad, Sakilah Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Rashid, Tarik Ahmed, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, Alemayehu, Astawus, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Dehkordi, Javad Aminian, Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Antony, Catherine M., Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Arulappan, Judie, Ashraf, Tahira, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Attia, Engi F., Ayele, Meshesha Tsegazeab, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Babu, Abraham Samuel, Bagherieh, Sara, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Banach, Maciej, Bardhan, Mainak, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barrow, Amadou, Basu, Saurav, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Bensenor, Isabela M., Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bouaoud, Souad, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Butt, Muhammad Hammad, Butt, Zahid A., Calina, Daniela, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Chanie, Gashaw Sisay, Charalampous, Periklis, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cohen, Aaron J., Cruz-Martins, Natália, Dadras, Omid, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Das, Saswati, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Delgado-Ortiz, Laura, Dereje, Diriba, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Dirirsa, Gebisa, Doku, Paul Narh, Dongarwar, Deepa, Douiri, Abdel, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, Mustafa Elagali, Ahmed Elabbas, Elhadi, Muhammed, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Etaee, Farshid, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Faro, Andre, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fekadu, Ginenus, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gaihre, Santosh, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gerema, Urge, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Getachew, Tamiru, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghanbari, Reza, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholami, Ali, Gil, Artyom Urievich, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Hadei, Mostafa, Halwani, Rabih, Hanif, Asif, Hargono, Arief, Harorani, Mehdi, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hay, Simon I., Heidari, Mohammad, Hellemons, Merel E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Holla, Ramesh, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hoseini, Mohammad, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Huang, Junjie, Hussain, Salman, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ibrahim, Sufyan, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Immurana, Mustapha, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Merin J, Linda, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamshidi, Elham, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Johnson, Olatunji, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, K, Vaishali, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Zubair, Kalankesh, Laleh R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kandel, Himal, Karanth, Shama D., Karaye, Ibraheem M., Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kassie, Gizat M., Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Imteyaz A., Khan, Moien A.B., Khan, Yusra H., Khreis, Haneen, Kim, Min Seo, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Knibbs, Luke D., Kolkhir, Pavel, Komaki, Somayeh, Kompani, Farzad, Koohestani, Hamid Reza, Koolivand, Ali, Korzh, Oleksii, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kumar, Naveen, Kumar, Nithin, Kurmi, Om P., Kuttikkattu, Ambily, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lám, Judit, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Latief, Kamaluddin, Lauriola, Paolo, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Yo Han, Legesse, Samson Mideksa, Lenzi, Jacopo, Li, Ming-Chieh, Lin, Ro-Ting, Liu, Gang, Liu, Wei, Lo, Chun-Han, Lorenzovici, László, Lu, Yifei, Mahalingam, Soundarya, Mahmoudi, Elham, Mahotra, Narayan B., Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mansouri, Borhan, Mathews, Elezebeth, Maulud, Sazan Qadir, Mechili, Enkeleint A., Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengistu, Dechasa Adare, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mithra, Prasanna, Moghadasi, Javad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadshahi, Marita, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Moka, Nagabhishek, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moniruzzaman, Md, Montazeri, Fateme, Moradi, Maryam, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Murray, Christopher J.L., Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Nangia, Vinay, Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Natto, Zuhair S., Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Negash, Wogene Wogene, Nena, Evangelia, Kandel, Sandhya Neupane, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nogueira de Sá, Antonio Tolentino, Nowroozi, Ali, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Obaidur, Rahman Md, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T., Bali, Ahmed Omar, Ostojic, Sergej M., A, Mahesh P., Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pahlevan Fallahy, Mohammad Taha, Palicz, Tamás, Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Patel, Jay, Paudel, Rajan, Paudel, Uttam, Pedersini, Paolo, Pereira, Marcos, Pereira, Renato B., Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Pirestani, Majid, Postma, Maarten J., Prashant, Akila, Rabiee, Mohammad, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Sima, Rahim, Fakher, Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rajput, Prashant, Rana, Juwel, Rao, Chythra R., Rao, Sowmya J., Rashedi, Sina, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Mohamed Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa, Rezaei, Maryam, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rodrigues, Mónica, Buendia Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio, Roever, Leonardo, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rudd, Kristina E., Saad, Aly M.A., Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeed, Umar, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Sakhamuri, Sateesh, Salehi, Sana, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Seylani, Allen, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shekhar, Shashank, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Simpson, Colin R., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Song, Suhang, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Steiropoulos, Paschalis, Stockfelt, Leo, Sun, Jing, Takahashi, Ken, Talaat, Iman M., Tan, Ker-Kan, Tat, Nathan Y., Tat, Vivian Y., Taye, Birhan Tsegaw, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thapar, Rekha, Thienemann, Friedrich, Tiyuri, Amir, Ngoc Tran, Mai Thi, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Car, Lorainne Tudor, Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Sana, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., Valizadeh, Rohollah, van Boven, Job F.M., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vaziri, Siavash, Violante, Francesco S., Vo, Bay, Wang, Ning, Wei, Melissa Y., Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yadav, Lalit, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zahir, Mazyar, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zareshahrabadi, Zahra, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zegeye, Zelalem Banjaw, Zhang, Yunquan, Naghavi, Mohsen, Larijani, Bagher, Farzadfar, Farshad
• Format: Article
• Language: eng
• Source: Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP)
• Download full: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/113335; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101936
• topic: Asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Epidemiology; Interstitial lung disease; Lung disease; Morbidity; Mortality; Pneumoconiosis; Pulmonary emphysema

Background Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Lowand low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries.